Electronic apparatus and method for spectrum management device

ABSTRACT

An electronic apparatus and a method for a spectrum management device are provided. The electronic apparatus includes processing circuitry configured to: acquire, for a predetermined primary system, an interference radiation map representing interference amounts of secondary systems at locations in a management region of the spectrum management device to the primary system; and determine an exclusion zone for the primary system based on the interference radiation map, where secondary systems in the exclusion zone cannot use a spectrum which is being used by the primary system.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field ofwireless communications, in particular to the spectrum managementtechnology in a dynamic spectrum access system, and more particularly toan electronic apparatus and a method for a spectrum management device.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

With the development of the wireless communication technology, a userhas an increasingly high service requirement for high quality, a highspeed and a new service. Wireless communication operators and deviceproviders need to improve a system continuously to meet the requirementof the user. It requires a great amount of spectrum resources to supportnew services appearing continuously and meet the requirement of highspeed communications. The spectrum resource may be quantified byparameters such as time, frequency, bandwidth and allowable maximumemission power.

Presently, limited spectrum resources have been distributed to fixedoperators and services, new available spectrum is rare or expensive. Inthis case, a concept of dynamically utilizing the spectrum is proposed,i.e., dynamically utilizing spectrum resources which have beendistributed to some services but are not utilized sufficiently. Forexample, the Cognitive Radio (CR) technology is proposed, such that anunlicensed user dynamically accesses to a licensed spectrum underconstraint of a certain rule, and actual utilization efficiency of thespectrum is improved significantly, thereby alleviating a problem ofspectrum resources scarcity to a certain degree.

Multiple transceivers with a cognitive function and related managementcontrol units form a Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) system. In thedynamic spectrum access system, a secondary user can access to aspectrum of a primary user in the event that the secondary user does notimpact the normal communication of the primary user, i.e., the secondaryuser has to ensure a service quality requirement of the primary user.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the following, an overview of the present invention is given simplyto provide basic understanding to some aspects of the present invention.It should be understood that this overview is not an exhaustive overviewof the present invention. It is not intended to determine a criticalpart or an important part of the present invention, nor to limit thescope of the present invention. An object of the overview is only togive some concepts in a simplified manner, which serves as a preface ofa more detailed description described later.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, an electronicapparatus for a spectrum management device is provided, which includesprocessing circuitry configured to: acquire, for a predetermined primarysystem, an interference radiation map representing interference amountsof secondary systems at locations in a management region of the spectrummanagement device to the primary system; and determine, based on theinterference radiation map, an exclusion zone for the primary system,wherein secondary systems in the exclusion zone are not capable of usinga spectrum which is being used by the primary system.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an electronicapparatus for a spectrum management device is provided, which includesprocessing circuitry configured to: acquire, for a predetermined primarysystem, an interference radiation map representing interference amountsof secondary systems at locations in a management region of the spectrummanagement device to the primary system; and determine, based oninformation on a boundary of the exclusion zone acquired from anotherspectrum management device, an exclusion zone for the primary system,wherein the secondary systems in the exclusion zone are not capable ofusing a spectrum which is being used by the primary system, and theboundary of the exclusion zone is obtained by the another spectrummanagement device based on the interference radiation map of thespectrum management device.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for aspectrum management device is provided, which includes: acquiring, for apredetermined primary system, an interference radiation map representinginterference amounts of secondary systems at locations in a managementregion of the spectrum management device to the primary system; anddetermining, based on the interference radiation map, an exclusion zonefor the primary system, wherein secondary systems in the exclusion zoneare not capable of using a spectrum which is being used by the primarysystem.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for aspectrum management device is provided, which includes: acquiring, for apredetermined primary system, an interference radiation map representinginterference amounts of secondary systems at locations in a managementregion of the spectrum management device to the primary system; anddetermining, based on information on a boundary of the exclusion zoneacquired from another spectrum management device, an exclusion zone forthe primary system, wherein the secondary systems in the exclusion zoneare not capable of using a spectrum which is being used by the primarysystem, and the boundary of the exclusion zone is obtained by theanother spectrum management device based on the interference radiationmap of the spectrum management device.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an electronicapparatus for a wireless communication device is provided, whichincludes: a measuring unit, configured to measure a power of a signalreceived from a primary system; and a determining unit, configured todetermine, based on the measured power, information on an interferenceamount of the wireless communication device to the primary system in thecase of a predetermined emitting power and predetermined antennaparameters, the information being provided to a management apparatusmanaging a plurality of secondary systems and being used by themanagement apparatus to determine an exclusion zone for the primarysystem.

According to other aspects of the present disclosure, there are alsoprovided computer program codes and computer program products forimplementing the above mentioned methods and a computer readable storagemedium in which computer program codes for implementing the abovemethods are recorded.

With the electronic apparatus and method according to the presentdisclosure, the exclusion zone for the primary system is determinedbased on the interference radiation map, so that an exclusion zone withan irregular shape can be obtained and the number of secondary systemsallowed to be accessed is increased effectively, thereby improvingspectrum utilization efficiency while ensuring a communication qualityof the primary system.

These and other advantages of the present disclosure will be moreapparent by illustrating in detail a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention in conjunction with accompanying drawings below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To further set forth the above and other advantages and features of thepresent invention, detailed description will be made in the followingtaken in conjunction with accompanying drawings in which identical orlike reference signs designate identical or like components. Theaccompanying drawings, together with the detailed description below, areincorporated into and form a part of the specification. It should benoted that the accompanying drawings only illustrate, by way of example,typical embodiments of the present invention and should not be construedas a limitation to the scope of the invention. In the accompanyingdrawings:

FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b respectively show a diagram of a scenario ofcoexistence of a single spectrum management device and a primary systemand a diagram of a scenario of coexistence of multiple spectrummanagement devices and the primary system;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing functional modules of an electronicapparatus 100 for a spectrum management device according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing that a management region isdivided into multiple identical grid regions;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an obtainedinterference radiation map;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing functional modules of an electronicapparatus 200 for a spectrum management device according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing functional modules of an electronicapparatus 300 for a spectrum management device according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing functional modules of an electronicapparatus 400 for a wireless communication device according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method for a spectrum management deviceaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the information procedure betweena spectrum management device, a primary system, a secondary system and asensor for sensing;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method for a spectrum management deviceaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the information procedure betweenspectrum management devices;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a simulationscenario;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a circularexclusion zone for the primary system;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an irregularexclusion zone for the primary system obtained according to thetechnology of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 is a beam pattern of an antenna of the primary system usedduring simulation;

FIG. 16 is diagram showing comparison of accumulation distributionfunctions for the number of accessible secondary systems based on acircular primary system exclusion zone and a primary system exclusionzone obtained according the technology of the present disclosurerespectively, in the case that a receiver antenna of the primary systemis an omnidirectional antenna;

FIG. 17 is diagram showing comparison of accumulation distributionfunctions for the number of accessible secondary systems based on acircular primary system exclusion zone and a primary system exclusionzone obtained according the technology of the present disclosurerespectively, in the case that a receiver antenna of the primary systemis a directional antenna shown in FIG. 15;

FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematicconfiguration of a server 700 to which the technology according to thepresent disclosure may be applied;

FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a first example of a schematicconfiguration of an evolved Node B (eNB) to which the technologyaccording to of the present disclosure may be applied;

FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a second example of a schematicconfiguration of an eNB to which the technology according to the presentdisclosure may be applied;

FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematicconfiguration of a smartphone to which the technology according to thepresent disclosure may be applied;

FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematicconfiguration of an car navigation apparatus to which the technologyaccording to the present disclosure may be applied; and

FIG. 23 is an exemplary block diagram illustrating the structure of ageneral purpose personal computer capable of realizing the method and/ordevice and/or system according to the embodiments of the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be describedhereinafter in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. For thepurpose of conciseness and clarity, not all features of an embodimentare described in this specification. However, it should be understoodthat multiple decisions specific to the embodiment have to be made in aprocess of developing any such embodiment to realize a particular objectof a developer, for example, conforming to those constraints related toa system and a business, and these constraints may change as theembodiments differs. Furthermore, it should also be understood thatalthough the development work may be very complicated andtime-consuming, for those skilled in the art benefiting from the presentdisclosure, such development work is only a routine task.

Here, it should also be noted that in order to avoid obscuring thepresent invention due to unnecessary details, only a device structureand/or processing steps closely related to the solution according to thepresent invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawing, and otherdetails having little relationship to the present invention are omitted.

In a dynamic spectrum access system, a wireless communication systemauthorized to use a spectrum is referred as a Primary System (PS), whichis also referred as a Primary User (PU) herein. The primary system mayinclude a transceiver and a related management unit. An unlicensedwireless communication system dynamically accessed to the spectrumaccording to a certain rule is referred as a Secondary System (SS),which is also referred as a Secondary User (SU) herein. A unit providingoperations such as authentication, permission and spectrum usagemanagement for the secondary system is referred as a Spectrum AccessSystem (SAS). The SAS may be implemented as a spectrum management devicefor example. It should be understood that, the terms defined above arenot intended to be limiting, and different terms may be used to indicatethe primary system, the secondary system and the spectrum managementdevice in different occasions or environments. It should be understoodby those skilled in the art that the terms may also adapt to thetechnology of the present disclosure set forth hereinafter.

The wireless communication system described herein may be acommunication system including a transmitting terminal and a receivingterminal, a communication system including a network control terminalsuch as a base station and a network node such as a user equipment, or acommunication pairing (D2D), an internet of things and an environmentmonitoring system including multiple terminals, or the like. In otherwords, the wireless communication system may be a system including atransmitting party and a receiving party performing data transmission byoccupying certain wireless spectrum resources.

For the primary system, it is authorized to use certain wirelessspectrum resources, i.e., having the highest priority level for usingthe wireless spectrum resources. For the secondary system, it may usethe wireless spectrum resources on the premise that a service qualityrequirement of the primary system is met, which may be implemented bythe spectrum management device for example. For the same primary system,one spectrum management device may be provided to manage the secondarysystems, or multiple spectrum management devices may be provided andeach of the multiple spectrum management devices manages a part of thesecondary systems.

FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b respectively show a scenario of coexistence of asingle spectrum management device and a primary system and a scenario ofcoexistence of multiple spectrum management devices and the primarysystem. In FIG. 1a , all secondary systems interfering with the primarysystem are controlled by the same spectrum management device. In FIG. 1b, the secondary systems interfering with the primary system arecontrolled by different spectrum management devices 1 and 2.

In addition, in FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b , in order to meet a service qualityrequirement of the primary system, a primary system exclusion zone (asshown by an ellipse) is provided. Secondary systems in the primarysystem exclusion zone are prohibited to use the licensed spectrum of theprimary system, and secondary systems outside of the primary systemexclusion zone may use the licensed spectrum. By constructing theprimary system exclusion zone reasonably, accumulated interferences ofthe secondary systems to the primary system can be controlled within acertain range, thereby effectively ensuring the service qualityrequirement of the primary system.

It should be understood that, if the primary system exclusion zone isset to be too large, more secondary systems are excluded, therebyresulting in low spectrum utilization efficiency; and if the primarysystem exclusion zone is set to be too small, it is difficult to ensurethe service quality requirement of the primary system.

Therefore, a technology for setting an exclusion zone for the primarysystem is provided according to the present disclosure. It should beunderstood that, although it is described with respect to the primarysystem exclusion zone in the following, the technology may be applied tothe following case. Communication systems with different priority levelsshare certain predetermined spectrum resources, and an exclusion zonemay be set for a communication system with a high priority level toensure a service quality requirement thereof. In this case, thetechnology according to the present disclosure is also applicable, aslong as the primary system is replaced with the communication systemwith the high priority level and the secondary system is replaced with acommunication system with a low priority level. Priority levels of thecommunication systems may be determined according to application types,for example. For example, a high priority level may be assigned to acommunication system for emergency use.

First Embodiment

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of functional modules of an electronicapparatus 100 for a spectrum management device according to anembodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic apparatus 100includes: an acquiring unit 101, configured to acquire, for apredetermined primary system, an interference radiation map representinginterference amounts of secondary systems at locations in a managementregion of the spectrum management device to the primary system; and adetermining unit 102, configured to determine an exclusion zone for theprimary system based on the interference radiation map. Secondarysystems in the exclusion zone cannot use a spectrum which is being usedby the primary system.

The acquiring unit 101 and the determining unit 102 may be implementedby one or more processing circuits. The processing circuits may beimplemented as a chip for example.

In an example, the acquiring unit 101 may acquire the interferenceradiation map based on measurement results of a signal of the primarysystem measured by multiple sensors arranged in a management region inadvance and/or a secondary system apparatus in the management region. Inthe example, it is assumed that a transmitter and a receiver of theprimary system are located at the same location and channels havereciprocity. In this way, by arranging sensors at different locations inthe management region, the conditions of a channel between a locationwhere the sensor is located and the receiver may be estimated based onthe conditions of a channel between the transmitter and the locationwhere the sensor is located. Alternatively, a secondary system apparatussuch as a base station or a user equipment may be used to replace thesensor or function as supplementary of the sensor. By the way ofsensing, operation parameters and environmental characteristics of theprimary system can be reflected comprehensively, thereby constructingthe interference radiation map more accurately.

For example, the management region may be divided into multipleidentical grid regions, and the sensor or the secondary system apparatusis arranged at a center of the grid region, as shown in FIG. 3. Divisionaccuracy for the grid, i.e., a side length of the grid, may bedetermined by various methods. For example, the division accuracy may beadjusted according to a density of the secondary systems (X). The higherthe density of the secondary systems is, the higher the divisionaccuracy is, i.e., the smaller the side length is. It is assumed thatthe side length of the grid is r (m) and the density of the secondarysystems is X (the number of the secondary systems/m²), an example of amethod for determining the side length of the grid is given by thefollowing equation (1). According to the equation (1), the number of thegirds in a unit area is greater than or equal to the number of thesecondary systems in the unit area.

r≤1/√{square root over (λ)}  (1).

It should be understood that, the division manner and the divisionaccuracy for the grid are not limited to the above examples and may beset appropriately according to applications.

In addition, in the case that the number of the sensors is not enough,the sensors may be moved to traverse centers of multiple grid regions.

The sensor or the secondary system apparatus measures a signal receivedfrom the primary system, and the sensor or the secondary systemapparatus may provide a power of the signal to the acquiring unit 101,for example. The acquiring unit 101 may be configured to: calculate,based on the measurement result, a path loss from a locationcorresponding to the sensor or the secondary system apparatus to theprimary system; and calculate an interference amount of the secondarysystem at the location to the primary system based on the path pass.

An emission power of the primary system is also to be known in the caseof calculating the path loss. Alternatively, the path loss may becalculated by the sensor or the secondary system apparatus according tothe following equation (2).

PL _((x,y))=10 log₁₀ [P _(t) /P _(r(x,y))]  (2)

In which, a power of a signal of the primary system measured atcoordinates (x, y) is P_(r(x,y)), and its unit is W. It is known thatthe emission power of the transmitter of the primary system is P_(t),and its unit is W.

As such, in the case that the path losses from multiple locations in themanagement region to a receiver of the primary system are estimated, ifthe emission powers and antenna parameters of secondary systems atcorresponding locations are known, interference amounts of the secondarysystems at the locations to the receiver of the primary system may beestimated. A correspondence between the interference amounts and thelocations forms the interference radiation map.

For example, it is assumed that the sensors or the secondary systemapparatus at the locations adopt an equal emission power and the sameantenna configuration such as an omnidirectional antenna, an equalantenna height, an equal antenna gain and the like, interferenceintensity values of the secondary systems at the locations to theprimary system may be indicated by the following equation (3) inconjunction with an antenna gain of the receiver of the primary system:

I _((x,y)) =P _(t(x,y)) +G _(t(x,y)) −PL _((x,y)) +G _(r(x,y))  (3).

In which, I_((x, y)) indicates interference of a secondary system atcoordinates (x, y) to the primary system, and its unit is dB;P_(t(x, y)) indicates the emission power at coordinates (x, y), and itsunit is dB; G_(t(x, y)) indicates an antenna gain of a sensor atcoordinates (x, y) in a direction where the primary system is located,and its unit is dB; PL_((x, y)) indicates a path loss between a locationcorresponding to coordinates (x, y) and the primary system, and its unitis dB; G_(r(x, y)) indicates an antenna gain of the primary system in adirection where the coordinates (x, y) are located, and its unit is dB.If the primary system antenna is in a specific direction, antenna gainsin different directions are different. In the case that the PL_((x, y))is obtained by the measurement (or sensing) mechanism above, theparameter indicates a synthesized result of the path loss and theprimary system antenna gain and it is not necessary to add G_(r(x, y))in the equation (3). On the other hand, in the case that the PL_((x, y))is calculated according to a propagation model, it is necessary to addG_(r(x, y)) in the equation (3); and G_(r(x, y)) may be ignored if thesecondary system cannot acquire information on the primary systemantenna gain.

Accordingly, the interference radiation map may further includeoperation parameter information of the sensor or the secondary systemapparatus used when calculating the interference amount, such as theemission power, antenna parameters and the like, so that an acquisitioncondition for the interference radiation map can be known duringsubsequent use.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an example of the obtainedinterference radiation map. In which, each interference level representsa corresponding interference amount range. If interference of asecondary system to the primary system falls within the interferenceamount range, it is considered that the secondary system is a secondarysystem with the interference level. In the example shown in FIG. 4, thesmall a level number is, the more serious the interference on theprimary system is. It can be seen that, a secondary system further awayfrom the receiver of the primary system produces less interference sincethe interference discussed herein is related to the path loss. It shouldbe understood that, this is only exemplary, and the acquiredinterference radiation map is not limited thereto. For example, duringan actual measurement, there are different channel conditions such asbuilding blocking, and thus different interference radiation maps may beobtained.

As described above, the interference radiation map is related to alocation and parameters of the primary system, i.e., each interferenceradiation map is obtained for a specific primary system. Therefore, inthe case that there are multiple primary systems, each of the primarysystems corresponds to one interference radiation map.

In the case that accuracy of the obtained interference radiation map isnot enough, the acquiring unit 101 may be further configured to performspatial interpolation on the interference radiation map to obtain aninterference radiation map with a finer granularity. The interpolationmay be performed by using various existing spatial interpolationalgorithms, such as a Kriging algorithm.

In another aspect, in the case that the transmitter and the receiver ofthe primary system are located at different locations, the channels donot have reciprocity, or no sensor or secondary system apparatus forsensing is provided in the management region, the acquiring unit 101 mayacquire the interference radiation map based on a wireless channelpropagation model. Specifically, the acquiring unit may select, based onlocation information and known wireless environmental information, anappropriate wireless channel propagation model between each grid centerand the primary system, to calculate path losses from respectivelocations to the primary system, and further obtain interferenceintensity values of secondary systems at the respective locations to theprimary system.

In other examples, the acquiring unit 101 may acquire at least a part ofthe interference radiation map from another spectrum management device.For example, in the case that a management region of the spectrummanagement device is the same as or overlaps with a management region ofanother spectrum management device, the acquiring unit 101 may acquirean interference radiation map for the overlapped management region fromanother spectrum management device. If only an interference radiationmap for a part of the management region of the spectrum managementdevice is acquired, the acquiring unit 101 may further obtain a completeinterference radiation map for the whole management region by the abovemanners, such as arranging the sensors or the secondary systemapparatus, calculating according to the wireless channel propagationmodel, interpolating based on the existing data or the like.

The spectrum management device may maintain interference radiation mapsfor respective primary systems, to facilitate subsequent use. As shownby a dotted line box in FIG. 2, the electronic apparatus 100 may furtherinclude: a storage unit 103, configured to store an identifier of theprimary system and an interference radiation map of the primary systemin an associated manner. The storage unit 103 may be implemented by oneor more memories, for example.

Upon the acquiring unit 101 acquires the interference radiation map, thedetermining unit 102 may determine an exclusion zone for the primarysystem using the interference radiation map in the condition of meetingan interference exclusion requirement of the primary system, so that anaccumulated interference amount of secondary systems outside of theexclusion zone to the primary system just does not exceed a maximumaccumulated interference amount allowable by the primary system. In thecase of being subjected to the maximum accumulated interference, theprimary system can just maintain its expected service quality.

As described above, the interference radiation map is determined basedon the assumption of the equal emission power and the same antennaconfiguration. Practically, secondary systems in an active state may usedifferent emission powers or different antenna configurations such asdifferent antenna heights, different antenna orientations and differentantenna gains. Therefore, in order to obtain an accurate interferenceconditions on the primary system, the determining unit 102 may beconfigured to correct, with system parameters of the secondary systemsin the active state, interference amounts at locations corresponding tothe secondary systems in the interference radiation map, to obtain aninterference intensity map; and determine an exclusion zone based on theinterference intensity map. The system parameters include a location, anemission power, antenna parameters and so on, for example. The exclusionzone may be determined based on a boundary of the exclusion zone, forexample. The following equation (4) shows a corrected interferenceintensity value.

I _((x,y)) ^(′) =P _(t(x,y)) ^(′+G) _(t(x,y)) ^(′) −PL ^((x,y)) +G_(r(x,y))  (4)

In which, I_((x,y)) ^(′) indicates corrected interference of an actualsecondary system at coordinates (x, y) to the primary system, and itsunit is dB; P_(t(x,y)) ^(′) indicates an emission power of the actualsecondary system at coordinates (x, y), and its unit is dB; G_(t(x,y))^(′) indicates an antenna gain of the actual secondary system atcoordinates (x, y) in a direction where the primary system is located,and its unit is dB. In addition, similar to the equation (3), in thecase that the PL_((x, y)) is obtained according to the sensing mechanismsuch as according to the equation (2), it is not necessary to addG_(r(x, y)) in the equation (4). On the contrary, in the case that thePL_((x, y)) is calculated according to a propagation model, it isnecessary to add G_(r(x, y)) in the equation (4); and the G_(r(x, y))may be ignored if the secondary system cannot acquire information on theprimary system antenna gain.

Therefore, as compared with the equation (3), the interference amountsin the interference radiation map may be corrected by using a differencebetween the emission power of the actual secondary system and theemission power used for generating the interference radiation map and adifference between the antenna gain of the actual secondary system inthe direction where the primary system is located and the antenna gainin the direction where the primary system is located used for generatingthe interference radiation map. This correction calculation is simple,and a calculation load is reduced as compared with a manner of measuringor calculating the interference amount directly.

In an example, the determining unit 102 is configured to: accumulate,based on the interference intensity map, interference amounts generatedby the secondary systems in the active state in an ascending order ofthe interference amounts, so that the accumulated interference amountdoes not exceed a maximum accumulated interference amount allowable bythe primary system and the number of the secondary systems of which theinterference amounts are accumulated is as large as possible; anddetermine a boundary of the exclusion zone based on a maximuminterference amount among the interference amounts being accumulated.The maximum accumulated interference allowable by the primary system maybe obtained based on multiple parameters, such as an interferencethreshold, an interference to noise ratio (INR) threshold, and a signaland interference to noise ratio (SINR) threshold. In the case of usingthe interference threshold, the allowable maximum accumulatedinterference amount is the interference threshold value. In the case ofusing the interference to noise ratio threshold and it is assumed thatthe interference to noise ratio threshold is a dB and a power of thenoise is b dB, the allowable maximum accumulated interference amount is(a+b) dB. It should be understood that all of these are not limitations.

For example, the boundary of the exclusion zone may be defined based onthe interference amount. In particular, the determining unit 102 may beconfigured to determine the maximum interference amount or aninterference level corresponding to the maximum interference amount asthe boundary of the exclusion zone. A secondary system of which theinterference amount exceeds the boundary is determined to be in theexclusion zone. The boundary IR_(th) of the exclusion zone is calculatedusing the interference amounts I_((x,y)) ^(′) of the secondary systemsin the active state in the interference intensity map to the primarysystem, as shown by the following equation (5):

$\begin{matrix}{{I_{agg} = {{10\; {\log_{10}\left\lbrack {\sum\limits_{{({x,y})} \in Z_{out}}\; 10^{({I_{({x,y})}^{\prime}/10})}} \right\rbrack}} \leq I_{th}}},\mspace{14mu} {I_{({x,y})}^{\prime} \leq {IR}_{th}}} & (5)\end{matrix}$

In which, I_(agg) indicates the accumulated interference of thesecondary systems to the primary system, and its unit is dB; Z_(out)indicates outside of the exclusion zone for the primary system, andI_(th) indicates a maximum accumulated interference amount allowable bythe primary system. According to the equation (5), it is ensured thatthe accumulated interference I_(agg) of the secondary systems havinginterference amounts less than the boundary IR_(th) of the exclusionzone does not exceed I_(th).

Taking the scenario shown in FIG. 1a as an example, it is assumed thatthere are seven secondary systems coexisting with the primary system inthe management region of the spectrum management device, and numbers ofthe secondary systems are shown in FIG. 1a . It is assumed that themaximum accumulated interference allowable by the primary system is 20W, and harmful interference amounts of the seven secondary systems (SS₁to SS₇) to the primary system are 20 W, 15 W, 15 W, 5 W, 5 W, 4 W and 2W respectively, by referring to the interference intensity map. It isaccumulated from the interference amount with the lowest level insequence until the accumulated interference just does not exceed 20 W,for example 2 W+4 W+5 W+5 W<20 W, but 2 W+4 W+5 W+5 W+15 W+15 W>20 W,and thus the boundary of the exclusion zone is set to be an interferenceamount of 5 W. Therefore, SS₄ to SS₇ are outside of the exclusion zonefor the primary system and can access to the spectrum of the primarysystem; and SS₁ to SS₃ are inside the exclusion zone for the primarysystem and cannot access to the spectrum of the primary system.

With the above manner, an exclusion zone boundary which is discretespatially can be obtained; and spectrum utilization efficiency can beimproved while ensuring a communication quality of the primary system,as compared with a circular exclusion zone.

In addition, the boundary of the exclusion zone may also be definedspatially. For example, the determining unit 102 may be furtherconfigured to determine a connecting line of locations of a maximuminterference amount or an interference level corresponding to themaximum interference amount in the interference intensity map as theboundary of the exclusion zone. A secondary system of which ageographical location is within the boundary is determined to be in theexclusion zone. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, it is assumed that thecalculated interference level corresponding to the maximum interferenceamount is 3, center points of grids having an interference level 3 areconnected and the connecting line is determined as the boundary of theexclusion zone. This is because that, generally the interference of thesecondary system to the primary system reduces with the increase of adistance between the secondary system and the primary system. This meansthat an interference amount of a secondary system at a location outsideof the exclusion zone is less than the maximum interference amount, andthus the secondary system may use the spectrum of the primary system.Differences of the interference amounts in different directions areconsidered in the manner, and an exclusion zone with an irregular shapecan be obtained. As compared with the circular exclusion zone, theexclusion zone is generally smaller, thereby improving the spectrumutilization efficiency while ensuring the communication quality of theprimary system.

In the above example, the secondary systems are ranked in an ascendingorder of the generated interference amounts. During the process ofranking, the secondary systems may be distinguished according todifferent factors, for example by weighting interference amounts of atleast a part of the secondary systems. For example, the weighting may beperformed according to one or more of the following factors: a prioritylevel of the secondary system and a payment status of the secondarysystem. In the case that the secondary system has a high priority levelor is a payment user, the generated interference amount may be reducedby weighting, such as multiplying by a weighting coefficient smallerthan 1, so as to improve a probability of being allowed to use thespectrum. It should be noted that, un-weighted interference amounts arestill to be used when the accumulated interference to the primary systemis calculated by using the equation (5), and the weighted interferenceamounts are only used for ranking.

As described above, there is a correspondence between the interferenceradiation map and the primary system. In the case that a location of theprimary system changes, the interference radiation map corresponding tothe original location is not applicable for a new location. Therefore,the acquiring unit 101 is further configured to update the interferenceradiation map when the location of the primary system changes. Change ofthe location of the primary system may be determined according towhether a path loss between the sensor or the secondary system apparatusand the receiver of the primary system changes. The determination may beperformed by the sensor, the secondary system apparatus or thedetermining unit 102. This is because that it can be inferred that thelocation of the primary system changes if the operation parameters andwireless environment of the sensor or the secondary system apparatus andthe primary system do not change and the path loss changes. In addition,if the primary system may report its location information, the acquiringunit 101 may also determine whether the location of the primary systemchanges according to the information.

In addition, the exclusion zone for the primary system is determinedaccording to the interference radiation map, the states of the actualactive secondary systems and the exclusion requirement of the primarysystem. Therefore, the acquiring unit 101 is configured to re-determinethe exclusion zone for the primary system in the case that at least oneof the following conditions is met: the location of the primary systemchanges; an interference exclusion requirement of the primary systemchanges; and access states and/or system parameters of the secondarysystems change.

Specifically, as described above, when the location of the primarysystem changes, the interference radiation map changes, and thereforethe exclusion zone for the primary system is to be recalculated.

When the interference exclusion requirement of the primary systemchanges, the exclusion zone boundary is to be recalculated according toonly the changed interference exclusion requirement since theinterference radiation map does not change. The change of theinterference exclusion requirement of the primary system may be reportedto the spectrum management device by the primary system, so that theacquiring unit 101 may determine whether the interference exclusionrequirement changes.

In addition, when the access states and/or the system parameters of thesecondary systems change, for example, a secondary system does notaccess to the spectrum of the primary system any more, a new secondarysystem accesses in or the emission power of the secondary systemchanges, the interference radiation map is corrected according to thechanged parameters to obtain an updated interference intensity map.Further, the boundary of the exclusion zone is recalculated using theupdated interference intensity map.

Although the several conditions are described separately, the conditionsmay be met simultaneously, thereby updating the interference radiationmap and the exclusion zone for the primary system accordingly.

In addition, the acquiring unit 101 is further configured to cancel itsexclusion zone when the primary system is turned off. For example, itmay be determined according to information on a signal of the primarysystem measured by the sensors or the secondary system apparatus. If itis a noise signal, it may be determined that the primary system isturned off; otherwise, it may be determined that the primary system isturned on. In this way, the spectrum utilization efficiency can beeffectively improved.

Second Embodiment

In the first embodiment, it is described mainly by assuming that thereis one primary system in the management region of the spectrummanagement device, but the present technology is not limited thereto. Inthe case that there are multiple primary systems in the managementregion, the present technology is also applicable.

In the case that the multiple primary systems operates in aninter-frequency manner, there is no mutual interference since theprimary systems do not operate on the same frequency band. Aninterference radiation map may be created for each primary system, andan exclusion zone for each primary system may be created using arespective interference radiation map.

In the case that the multiple primary systems use the same spectrum, theacquiring unit 101 is further configured to add interference amounts atcorresponding locations of interference radiation maps of the respectiveprimary systems to obtain synthesized interference amounts, so as toobtain a synthesized interference radiation map; and determine a uniformexclusion zone for the multiple primary systems based on the synthesizedinterference radiation map. The synthesized interference amountindicates an interference degree of the secondary system at thecorresponding location to all the primary systems. The uniform primarysystem exclusion zone is determined according to the synthesizedinterference amount, thereby improving the spectrum utilizationefficiency effectively.

In an example, the determining unit 102 may be configured: to correct,with system parameters of secondary systems in an active state, thesynthesized interference amounts at locations corresponding to thesecondary systems, to obtain a synthesized interference intensity map;rank, based on the synthesized interference intensity map, the secondarysystems in the active state in an ascending order of the synthesizedinterference amounts; accumulate, according to a result of the ranking,interference amounts of corresponding secondary systems to one of themultiple primary systems with the highest interference exclusionrequirement, so that the accumulated interference amount does not exceeda maximum accumulated interference amount allowable by the primarysystem and the number of the secondary systems of which the interferenceamounts are accumulated is as large as possible; and determine, based ona synthesized interference amount in the synthesized interferenceintensity map corresponding to a maximum interference amount among theinterference amounts being accumulated, a boundary of the uniformexclusion zone.

In the embodiment, similar to the case where there is only one primarysystem in the first embodiment, firstly the synthesized interferenceradiation map is corrected to obtain the synthesized interferenceintensity map. The secondary systems are ranked according to thesynthesized interference amount in the synthesized interferenceintensity map. However, the interference amounts of the secondarysystems to one of the multiple primary systems with the highestinterference exclusion requirement are used when performing theaccumulating of the interference amounts, so that the determinedexclusion zone can meet interference exclusion requirements of all theprimary systems. Specifically, the accumulated interference amount justdoes not exceed a maximum accumulated interference amount allowable bythis primary system. Next, the boundary of the uniform exclusion zone isdetermined according to the synthesized interference amounts, which isachieved by corresponding the maximum interference amount among theinterference amounts being accumulated to the synthesized interferenceamount in the synthesized interference intensity map, i.e., asynthesized interference amount generated by a secondary systemgenerating the maximum interference amount. In this way, the determiningunit 102 may determine the synthesized interference amount or acorresponding interference level thereof as the boundary of the uniformexclusion zone, as in the first embodiment. A secondary system of whichthe synthesized interference amount exceeds the boundary is determinedto be in the uniform exclusion zone. Alternatively, the determining unit102 may also determine a connecting line of locations of the synthesizedinterference amounts or the corresponding interference level thereof inthe synthesized interference intensity map as the boundary of theuniform exclusion zone. A secondary system of which a geographicallocation is within the boundary is determined to be in the uniformexclusion zone.

In addition, in the case that some secondary systems are to be weighteddue to factors such as the priority level or the payment status, thesynthesized interference amounts of the secondary systems may beweighted. The weighted synthesized interference amounts are ranked.However, corresponding un-weighted interference amounts to one of themultiple primary systems with the highest interference exclusionrequirement are used when performing accumulating. Moreover, whendetermining whether the interference amount of a secondary systemsexceed the boundary of the exclusion zone, the weighted synthesizedinterference amount is also to be used. For example, a secondary systemof which the weighted synthesized interference amount exceeds theboundary is determined to be in the uniform exclusion zone.

According to the embodiment, in the case that there are multipleintra-frequency primary systems, the uniform exclusion zone can bedetermined for the primary systems, thereby improving the spectrumutilization efficiency effectively.

Third Embodiment

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of functional modules of an electronicapparatus 200 for a spectrum management device according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5, besides theunits described with reference to FIG. 1, the electronic apparatus 200further includes a transceiving unit 201, configured to receive a firstinterference radiation map from another spectrum management device as atleast a part of an interference radiation map of the spectrum managementdevice.

The transceiving unit 201 may be implemented as a transceiver, anantenna and so on, for example.

Referring to the scenario in FIG. 1b as an example, secondary systemscoexisting with the primary system are controlled by multiple spectrummanagement devices. In this case, it is necessary to considerinterference of secondary systems managed by the multiple spectrummanagement devices to the primary system. Therefore, when determining aboundary of an exclusion zone, the spectrum management device needs toacquire interference amounts of active secondary systems managed byanother spectrum management device to the primary system and combine theinterference amounts, so that the combined interference amount does notexceed the maximum accumulated interference amount allowable by theprimary system.

In the embodiment, information on the interference radiation map isexchanged between the spectrum management devices, and it can be avoidedthat interference radiation maps are created by all the spectrummanagement devices, i.e., avoiding unnecessary repeated calculation,thereby reducing a calculation load. For example, in the case thatsecondary systems managed by two spectrum management devices are locatedin an identical region and require the same grid accuracy, the acquiringunit 101 of the electronic apparatus 200 may directly use the obtainedfirst interference radiation map as the interference radiation map ofthe spectrum management device itself. In other cases, for example, theacquiring unit 101 may perform spatial interpolation based on the firstinterference radiation map obtained from another spectrum managementdevice (also referred to as a source spectrum management devicehereinafter) to acquire the interference radiation map of the spectrummanagement device (also referred to as a receiving spectrum managementdevice hereinafter). In addition, in the case that regions where thesecondary systems managed by the two spectrum management devices arelocated overlap partially, the receiving spectrum management device mayarrange sensors or secondary system apparatus in regions not covered bythe source spectrum management device and obtain interference amounts ofsecondary systems at locations in the regions to the primary system bysensing, to generate an interference radiation map for the regions(referred to as a second interference radiation map). Then, the firstinterference radiation map and the second interference radiation map arecombined to obtain the interference radiation map of the receivingspectrum management device.

As described above, the received first interference radiation mapfurther includes an ID of the primary system and operation parameterinformation used for obtaining the first interference radiation map,such as the emitting power and antenna parameters. The receivingspectrum management device may determine a primary system correspondingto the first interference radiation map according to the system ID,without interchanging sensitive information on the primary system. Theoperation parameter information may be used to correct the interferenceamounts in the interference radiation map to obtain an interferenceintensity map.

Since the secondary systems managed by the spectrum management deviceseach generate interference on the primary system when accessing to thespectrum of the primary system, the interference generated by thesecondary systems managed by different spectrum management devicesoverlap with each other for the primary system. Therefore, whendetermining an exclusion zone for the primary system, a synthesizedeffect of the interference generated by the secondary systems managed byall the spectrum management devices needs to be considered.

Similar to the case in the first embodiment, in order to determine theexclusion zone more accurately, the interference radiation map is to becorrected with the current active state and system parameters of thesecondary systems.

In an example, the transceiving unit 201 further receives information oninterference amounts of secondary systems in an active state in amanagement region of another spectrum management device (i.e., thesource spectrum management device) from the source spectrum managementdevice. The determining unit 102 determines, based on the informationand interference amounts of secondary systems in an active state in amanagement region of the spectrum management device, an exclusion zoneboundary of the primary system, and the exclusion zone boundary isapplied to the spectrum management device and the source spectrummanagement device. The interference amounts of the secondary systems inthe active state in the management region of the spectrum managementdevice are obtained by correcting, with system parameters of thesecondary systems, the interference amounts at locations correspondingto the secondary systems in the interference radiation map.

The transceiving unit 201 may receive interference amounts generated bythe secondary systems in the active state in the management region ofthe source spectrum management device from the source spectrummanagement device. For example, three of the secondary systems managedby the source spectrum management device are in the active state andgenerate interference amounts of 3 W, 5 W and 6 W respectively, and thusinformation including 3 W, 5 W and 6 W is provided to the receivingspectrum management device.

In addition, the transceiving unit 201 may receive information on thenumber of secondary systems in an active state falling in eachinterference level in the management region of the source spectrummanagement device from the source spectrum management device. Forexample, three of secondary systems managed by the source spectrummanagement device are in the active state and fall in interferencelevels 1, 2 and 3 respectively, and thus information including onesecondary system in the interference level 1, one secondary system inthe interference level 2 and one secondary system in the interferencelevel 3 is provided to the receiving spectrum management device.

It can be seen that, with any of the above manners, the two spectrummanagement devices are not necessary to interchange sensitiveinformation on the secondary systems, thereby ensuring security andprivacy.

In the embodiment, the exclusion zone for the primary system isdetermined by the receiving spectrum management device and a result ofthe determining may be applied to both the receiving spectrum managementdevice and the source spectrum management device. For example, thetransceiving unit 201 is further configured to transmit information onthe boundary of the exclusion zone to the source spectrum managementdevice, to enable the source spectrum management device to implement theexclusion zone appropriately, such as turning off secondary systems inthe exclusion zone. It should be noted that, although one sourcespectrum management device is shown as an example here, it is notlimited. There may be multiple source spectrum management devices.

The determining unit 102 may: accumulate, in an ascending order ofinterference amounts, the interference amounts generated by secondarysystems in an active state in management regions of both the spectrummanagement device and the source spectrum management device in sequence,so that the accumulated interference amount does not exceed a maximumaccumulated interference amount allowable by the primary system and thenumber of secondary systems of which the interference amounts areaccumulated is as large as possible; and determine an exclusion zoneboundary based on a maximum interference amount among the interferenceamounts being accumulated.

Differing from the corresponding processing in the first embodiment, thedetermining unit 102 accumulates interference amounts generated byactive secondary systems managed by both the source spectrum managementdevice and the receiving spectrum management device, i.e.,comprehensively considering effects of the secondary systems managed byboth the source spectrum management device and the receiving spectrummanagement device. The boundary of the exclusion zone is determined alsoaccording to a principle that the accumulated interference amount justdoes not exceed the maximum accumulated interference amount allowable bythe primary system. In addition, similar to the first embodiment, thedetermining unit 102 may determine the maximum interference amount or aninterference level corresponding to the maximum interference amount asthe boundary of the exclusion zone. A secondary system of which theinterference amount exceeds the boundary is determined to be in theexclusion zone.

Alternatively, the determining unit 102 may determine a connecting lineof locations of the maximum interference amount or the interferencelevel corresponding to the maximum interference amount in theinterference intensity map as the boundary of the exclusion zone. Asecondary system of which a geographical location is within the boundaryis determined to be in the exclusion zone. In this case, theinterference intensity map may be a corrected interference radiation mapof the receiving spectrum management device, or may be a map obtained byperforming spatial interpolation on the corrected interference radiationmap of the receiving spectrum management device, so that the mapincludes a value of the maximum interference amount or the interferencelevel corresponding to the maximum interference amount.

Determination of an exclusion zone for the primary system is illustratedby taking the scenario shown in FIG. 1b as an example hereinafter. It isassumed that there are six secondary users SS₁ to SS₆ in the managementregion of the spectrum management device 1 and there are five secondaryusers SS₇ to SS₁₁ in the management region of the spectrum managementdevice 2, the secondary systems coexist with the primary system, andnumbers of the secondary systems are shown in FIG. 1b . It is assumedthat the maximum accumulated interference allowable by the primarysystem is SOW. According to the corrected interference amounts,interference amounts of the six secondary systems managed by thespectrum management device 1 to the primary system are 20 W, 15 W, 15 W,5 W, 5 W and 4 W respectively, and interference amounts of the fivesecondary systems managed by the spectrum management device 2 to theprimary system are 20 W, 10 W, 10 W, 4 W and 2 W respectively.

As an example, the spectrum management device 1 is a source spectrummanagement device, and the spectrum management device 2 is a receivingspectrum management device. The spectrum management device 1 informs thespectrum management device 2 of interference radiation amounts generatedby the secondary systems managed by the spectrum management device 1.The spectrum management device 2 comprehensively considers theinterference amounts of the eleven secondary systems when calculating aboundary of the exclusion zone, and accumulates from an interferenceamount with the lowest level in sequence until the accumulatedinterference amount just does not exceed 50 W, for example, 2 W+4 W+4W+5 W+5 W+10 W+10 W<50 W but 2 W+4 W+4 W+5 W+5 W+10 W+10 W+15 W+15 W>50W. Therefore, the maximum interference amount among the interferenceamount being accumulated is 10 W, i.e., the boundary of the exclusionzone is 10 W. Therefore, SS₄ to SS₆ and SS₈ to SS₁₁ are outside of theexclusion zone for the primary system, and can access to the spectrum ofthe primary system. SS₁ to SS₃ and SS₇ are inside the exclusion zone forthe primary system, and cannot access to the spectrum of the primarysystem.

In some cases, weighting is to be performed on some secondary systemsmanaged by the source spectrum management device and the receivingspectrum management device due to factors such as the priority level andpayment status. In this case, the transceiving unit 201 may furtherreceive information on corresponding weights such as {3 W, 1}, {5 W,0.5} and {6 W, 1} when receiving interference amounts generated byactive secondary systems managed by the source spectrum managementdevice from the source spectrum management device. In this way, thedetermining unit 102 uses the weighted interference amounts when rankthe interference amounts, and uses the original interference amountswhen accumulating the interference amounts. For weighting of activesecondary systems managed by the receiving spectrum management device,the determining unit 102 may process similarly. Practically, whendetermining whether a secondary system can access to the spectrum of theprimary system, the weighted interference amounts are to be used forcomparing with the boundary of the exclusion zone.

In the embodiment, when a location of the primary system changes, thesource spectrum management device reacquires an interference radiationmap, and provides the interference radiation map to the receivingspectrum management device to enable the receiving spectrum managementdevice to re-determine the exclusion zone. In addition, if aninterference exclusion requirement of the primary system changes, thereceiving spectrum management device updates the exclusion zone for theprimary system accordingly and provides information on the updatedexclusion zone to the source spectrum management device.

When an access state or an operation parameter of a secondary systemchanges, a spectrum management device managing the secondary systeminforms the receiving spectrum management device of the change (in thecase that the secondary system is managed by the receiving spectrummanagement device, the receiving spectrum management device directlyacquires the change), so that the receiving spectrum management devicerecalculates the exclusion zone.

When an access state of the primary system changes, the spectrummanagement devices determine an on/off state of the exclusion zone forthe primary system according to the access state. Specifically, in thecase that the primary system is turned off, the exclusion zone may becanceled (i.e., turned off), thereby effectively improving the spectrumutilization efficiency.

Whether the spectrum management device being the source spectrummanagement device or the receiving spectrum management device may bespecified in advance, or may be determined or changed dynamically duringa communication process. For example, a spectrum management devicedetecting a change of an interference exclusion requirement of theprimary system functions as the receiving spectrum management device,and the other spectrum management device functions as the sourcespectrum management device. A spectrum management device detecting achange of a location of the primary system functions as the sourcespectrum management device, and so on.

In the embodiment, information on the interference radiation map andinterference amounts of the active secondary systems is interchangedbetween the spectrum management devices, a uniform exclusion zone forthe same primary system is determined, and the number of the secondarysystems allowed to be accessed can be increased effectively, therebyeffectively improving the spectrum utilization efficiency. Moreover, itis not necessary to interchange specific information on the primarysystem and the secondary systems, thereby ensuring security and privacy.

Fourth Embodiment

In a scenario where multiple spectrum management devices coexist with aprimary system, there may be multiple primary systems. If the multipleprimary systems operate using different frequency bands, no interferenceis generated. A respective exclusion zone for each primary system may bedetermined as described in the third embodiment.

In another aspect, in the case that the multiple primary systems use thesame spectrum, it needs to consider interference conditions of secondarysystems to all the primary systems and a uniform exclusion zone isdetermined for the multiple primary systems, similar to the secondembodiment.

It is described with reference to FIG. 5 hereinafter. At this time, afirst interference radiation map received from a source spectrummanagement device is a synthesized interference radiation map formultiple primary systems, which is obtained by adding interferenceamounts at corresponding locations of interference radiation maps of theprimary systems to obtain synthesized interference amounts. Thetransceiving unit 201 is further configured to receive, from the sourcespectrum management device, information on interference amounts ofsecondary systems in an active sate in a management region of the sourcespectrum management device to one of the multiple primary systems withthe highest interference exclusion requirement and synthesizedinterference amounts of the secondary systems. The determining unit 102is configured to determine, based on the information, interferenceamounts of secondary systems in an active state in a management regionof the receiving spectrum management device to one of the multipleprimary systems with the highest interference exclusion requirement andsynthesized interference amounts of the secondary systems, a boundary ofa uniform exclusion zone for the multiple primary systems. Thesynthesized interference amounts of the secondary systems in the activestate in the management region of the receiving spectrum managementdevice are obtained by correcting, with systems parameters of thesecondary systems, synthesized interference amounts at locationscorresponding to the secondary systems in a synthesized interferenceradiation map of the receiving spectrum management device.

It can be seen that, differing from the operations in the scenario of asingle primary system in the third embodiment, the determining unit 102uses the interference amounts of the active secondary systems to one ofthe multiple primary systems with the highest interference exclusionrequirement and the synthesized interference amounts of the activesecondary systems. The active secondary systems may be managed by thesource spectrum management device or the receiving spectrum managementdevice.

As an example, the determining unit 102 may be configured to:accumulate, in an ascending order of synthesized interference amounts,interference amounts of secondary systems in an active state inmanagement regions of both the receiving spectrum management device andthe source spectrum management device to one of the primary systems withthe highest interference exclusion requirement in sequence, so that theaccumulated interference amount does not exceed the maximum accumulatedinterference amount allowable by the primary system and the number ofthe secondary systems of which the interference amounts are accumulatedis as large as possible; and determine, based on a synthesizedinterference amount corresponding to the maximum interference amountamong the interference amounts being accumulated (referred to as amaximum synthesized interference amount hereinafter), a boundary of theuniform exclusion zone.

For example, the determining unit 102 may determine the maximumsynthesized interference amount or an interference level correspondingto the maximum synthesized interference amount as the boundary of theuniform exclusion zone. A secondary system of which the synthesizedinterference amount exceeds the boundary is determined to be in theuniform exclusion zone. Alternatively, the determining unit 102determines a connecting line of locations of the maximum synthesizedinterference amount or the interference level corresponding to themaximum synthesized interference amount in the synthesized interferenceintensity map as the boundary of the uniform exclusion zone. A secondarysystem of which a geographical location is within the boundary isdetermined to be in the uniform exclusion zone. In this case, thesynthesized interference intensity map may be a corrected synthesizedinterference radiation map of the receiving spectrum management deviceor a map obtained by performing spatial interpolation on the correctedsynthesized interference radiation map of the receiving spectrummanagement device, so that the map includes a value of the maximumsynthesized interference amount or the interference level correspondingto the maximum synthesized interference amount.

Similar to the case of a single primary system in the third embodiment,the transceiving unit 201 transmits information on the boundary of theuniform exclusion zone to the source spectrum management device, so thatthe source spectrum management device performs a correspondingoperation, such as turning off secondary systems in the uniformexclusion zone, or the like.

In some cases, weighting is to be performed on some secondary systemsmanaged by the source spectrum management device and the receivingspectrum management apparatus due to factors such as the priority leveland payment status. In this case, the transceiving unit 201 furtherreceives information on corresponding weights when receiving, from thesource spectrum management device, information on interference amountsof active secondary systems managed by the source spectrum managementdevice to one of the multiple primary systems with the highestinterference exclusion requirement and the synthesized interferenceamount of the secondary systems. Or, the transceiving unit 201 receives,from the source spectrum management device, information on interferenceamounts of active secondary systems managed by the source spectrummanagement device to one of the multiple primary systems with thehighest interference exclusion requirement and weighted synthesizedinterference amounts of the active secondary systems. In this way, thedetermining unit 102 ranks the synthesized interference amounts usingthe weighted synthesized interference amounts, and accumulates theinterference amounts still using the interference amounts to one of themultiple primary systems with the highest interference exclusionrequirement. For weighting of the active secondary systems managed bythe receiving spectrum management device, the determining unit 102 mayprocess similarly. Practically, when determining whether a secondarysystem can access to the spectrum of the primary system, the weightedsynthesized interference amount is to be used for comparing with theboundary of the exclusion zone.

According to the embodiment, in the case that there are multipleintra-frequency primary systems and the secondary systems are managed bydifferent spectrum management devices, the uniform exclusion zone isdetermined for the primary systems, thereby effectively improving thespectrum utilization efficiency.

Fifth Embodiment

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of functional modules of an electronicapparatus 300 for a spectrum management device according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure. The electronic apparatus 300includes: an acquiring unit 301 configured to acquire, for apredetermined primary system, an interference radiation map representinginterference amounts of secondary systems at locations in a managementregion of the spectrum management device to a primary system; and adetermining unit 302 configured to determine, based on information on aboundary of the exclusion zone acquired from another spectrum managementdevice, an exclusion zone for the primary system. Secondary systems inthe exclusion zone cannot use a spectrum which is being used by theprimary system, and the boundary of the exclusion zone is obtained byanother spectrum management device based on the interference radiationmap of the spectrum management device.

The acquiring unit 301 and the determining unit 302 may be implementedby one or more processing circuits. The processing circuit may beimplemented as a chip, for example.

In the embodiment, the spectrum management device functions as a sourcespectrum management and is referred to as the source spectrum managementdevice hereinafter. Another spectrum management device functions as areceiving spectrum management device and is referred to as the receivingspectrum management device hereinafter. The source spectrum managementdevice provides an interference radiation map for the receiving spectrummanagement device, and the receiving spectrum management devicedetermines, at least based on the interference radiation map, a uniformexclusion zone applicable to both the source spectrum management deviceand the receiving apparatus management apparatus.

The acquiring unit 301 may obtain the interference radiation map for thepredetermined primary system by sensing or based on a wireless channelpropagation model, and specific details are given in the description ofthe acquiring unit 101 in the first embodiment, which are not repeatedhere. As described above, the obtained interference radiation mapincludes a correspondence between locations in the management region andinterference amounts of secondary systems at corresponding locations tothe primary system. In addition, the interference radiation map mayfurther include an ID of the primary system, and operation parametersused for generating the interference radiation map, such as the emissionpower and antenna parameters.

As shown by a dotted line box in FIG. 6, the electronic apparatus 300may further include: a transceiving unit 303 configured to transmitinformation on the interference radiation map to another spectrummanagement device, and receive information on a boundary of theexclusion zone from another spectrum management device.

In an example, the acquiring unit 301 is further configured to correct,with system parameters of secondary systems in the active state,interference amounts at locations corresponding to the secondary systemsin the interference radiation map, and the transceiving unit 303 isfurther configured to transmit information on the corrected interferenceamounts to the receiving spectrum management device, so that thereceiving spectrum management device obtains the boundary of theexclusion zone based on the corrected interference amounts and theinterference radiation map. The information on the boundary of theexclusion zone is used to specify a range of the exclusion zone, andsecondary systems falling in the exclusion zone cannot access to thespectrum of the primary system.

Generally, the boundary of the exclusion zone may be obtained by thereceiving spectrum management device based on information provided bythe source spectrum management device such as the interference radiationmap and the corrected interference amounts, and for specific manners,one may refer to related description in the first embodiment to thefourth embodiment. However, it should be understood that the acquisitionmanner of the boundary of the exclusion zone is not limited thereto, andthe boundary of the exclusion zone may be acquired using any manner aslong as the acquired boundary of the exclusion zone is applicable toboth the source spectrum management device and the receiving spectrummanagement device.

After the information on the boundary of the exclusion zone is obtained,the determining unit 302 determines whether the secondary system can usethe spectrum of the primary system according to a relationship betweenthe corrected interference amount and the boundary of the exclusionzone, for example. For example, in the case that the boundary of theexclusion zone is indicated by an allowable maximum interference amountor an interference level corresponding to the maximum interferenceamount, the determining unit 302 compares a corrected interferenceamount of a secondary system with the boundary of the exclusion zone. Ifthe corrected interference amount is greater than a value of theboundary of the exclusion zone, the corresponding secondary systemcannot use the spectrum of the primary system; otherwise, thecorresponding secondary system can use the spectrum of the primarysystem. In addition, the determining unit 302 corrects, with systemparameters of secondary systems in an active state, interference amountsat locations corresponding to the secondary systems in the interferenceradiation map to obtain an interference intensity map. In the case thatthe boundary of the exclusion zone is indicated by a connecting line oflocations of the allowable maximum interference amount or theinterference level corresponding to the maximum interference amount inthe interference intensity map, the determining unit 302 may determinewhether a geographical location of a secondary system is in a rangeenclosed by the connecting line. If the geographical location of thesecondary system is in the range enclosed by the connecting line, it isindicated that the secondary system is in the exclusion zone and cannotuse the spectrum of the primary system; otherwise, the secondary systemcan use the spectrum of the primary system.

If different secondary systems have different priority levels, differentaccess requirements or different payment status, weights may be set toembody the differences. For example, in the case that a secondary systemis a payment user, the secondary system may use the spectrum of theprimary system preferentially, which may be implemented by setting aweight less than 1 for the secondary system with high priority level. Inthis case, the determining unit 302 further weights the correctedinterference amounts, and the transceiving unit 303 transmitscorresponding weights or weighted corrected interference amounts to thereceiving spectrum management device. The receiving spectrum managementdevice calculates accumulated interference to the primary system usingthe corrected interference amounts, and ranks the interference amountsto determine an order in which the interference amounts are to beaccumulated by using the weighted corrected interference amounts.Accordingly, the determining unit 302 may also weight the correctedinterference amounts when performing the determination, i.e., using theweighted corrected interference amounts.

In another example, there are multiple primary systems. If the multipleprimary systems operate using different frequency bands, the acquiringunit 301 acquires an interference radiation map for each primary system,and the transceiving unit 303 provides the interference radiation map tothe receiving spectrum management device. Since it is considered thatthere is no mutual interference between different frequency bands, thedescription for a single primary system above also adapts to each of themultiple primary systems.

If the multiple primary systems use the same spectrum, it needs toconsider synthesized interference of the secondary systems to themultiple primary systems. In this case, the acquiring unit 301 isfurther configured to add interference amounts at correspondinglocations of interference radiation maps of the respective primarysystems to obtain synthesized interference amounts, so as to obtain asynthesized interference radiation map. The transceiving unit 303 isconfigured to transmit the synthesized interference radiation map to thereceiving spectrum management device, so that the receiving spectrummanagement device obtains the boundary of the exclusion zone based onthe synthesized radiation interference map.

Exemplarily, the determining unit 302 may correct, with systemparameters of secondary systems in an active state, interference amountsat locations corresponding to the secondary systems in the interferenceradiation maps to obtain corresponding corrected interference amounts,so as to obtain corrected synthesized interference amounts. Thetransceiving unit 303 transmits information on the corrected synthesizedinterference amounts and corrected interference amounts to one of themultiple primary systems with the highest interference exclusionrequirement to the receiving spectrum management device, so that thereceiving spectrum management device obtains the boundary of theexclusion zone based on the information and the synthesized interferenceradiation map.

Similarly, in the case that weighting is to be performed on somesecondary systems due to factors such as the priority level or paymentstatus, the transceiving unit 303 needs to transmit information onweights to the receiving spectrum management device, or transmitinformation on corrected interference amounts of the active secondarysystems to one of the multiple primary systems with the highestinterference exclusion requirement and weighted corrected synthesizedinterference amounts of the active secondary systems to the receivingspectrum management device. When determining whether an interferenceamount of a secondary system exceeds a boundary of the exclusion zone,the weighted corrected synthesized interference amount is also to beused.

The receiving spectrum management device may obtain the boundary of theexclusion zone as described in the fourth embodiment, which is notrepeated here.

It should be understood that, the electronic apparatus 300 in theembodiment may further include components of the electronic apparatus100 and 200 described in the first embodiment to the fourth embodimentand corresponding functions. In other words, the spectrum managementdevice may have functions of both the source spectrum management deviceand the receiving spectrum management device.

Sixth Embodiment

As described above, sensors for sensing in the spectrum managementregion may be replaced at least partially by secondary system apparatus.The secondary system apparatus is a device in a wireless communicationsystem functioning as a secondary system, for example, a network node ora network control terminal in the secondary system. For example, in acellular communication system, the secondary system apparatus may be abase station (including an infrastructure in communication with a macrobase station, such as a small cell base station) or a terminal apparatussuch as a mobile terminal, an intelligent vehicle and an intelligentwearable device with cellular communication capability.

Therefore, an electronic apparatus 400 for a wireless communicationdevice is provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure,and FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of functional modules of the electronicapparatus 400. The electronic apparatus 400 includes: a measuring unit401 configured to measure a power of a signal received from a primarysystem; and a determining unit 402 configured to determine, based on themeasured power, information on an interference amount of the wirelesscommunication device to the primary system in the case of apredetermined emission power and predetermined antenna parameters. Theinformation is provided to a management apparatus managing multiplesecondary systems and the management apparatus determines an exclusionzone for the primary system.

The management apparatus may be for example the spectrum managementdevice mentioned in the first embodiment to the fifth embodiment, but isnot limited thereto. The measuring unit 401 and the determining unit 402may be implemented by one or more processing circuits. The processingcircuit may be implemented as a chip, for example.

The electronic apparatus 400 is configured to provide information on aninterference amount at a location of the secondary system correspondingto a wireless communication device where the electronic apparatus 400 islocated. For secondary systems in a management region of the managementapparatus, the same predetermined emission power and predeterminedantenna parameter are used.

In an example, the determining unit 402 is configured to determine apath loss between a location where the wireless communication device islocated and the primary system based on the measured power, anddetermines, based on the path loss, the interference amount of thewireless communication device to the primary system in the case of thepredetermined emitting power and the predetermined antenna parameters.

The information on the interference amount is used by the managementapparatus for example to determine an interference radiation map, whichrepresents interference amounts of secondary systems at locations in themanagement region of the management apparatus to the primary system. Theinterference radiation map and its application in determining theexclusion zone for the primary system are described in detail in theabove embodiments, which are not repeated here.

In the embodiment, the electronic apparatus 400 functions as a sensorfor sensing. In the case that there is a sensor, the electronicapparatus 400 needs to use the same parameter configuration as thesensor, such as an antenna gain in a direction of the primary system andan emission power.

As shown by a dotted line box in FIG. 7, the electronic apparatus 400may further include: a transceiving unit 403 configured to transmit theinformation to the management apparatus. The transceiving unit 403 isfurther configured to transmit system parameters of a secondary systemcorresponding to the wireless communication device to the managementapparatus, so that the management apparatus determines the exclusionzone for the primary system further according to the system parameters.The system parameters include for example a location of a secondarysystem, the emission power used actually and the antenna parameters suchas the antenna height, the antenna orientation and the antenna gain. Forexample, the management apparatus may correct the interference radiationmap based on the system parameters.

In the case that the wireless communication device is a terminalapparatus, the transceiving unit 403 may transmit the information to abase station and the information is transmitted to the managementapparatus by the base station, for example.

The electronic apparatus 400 according to the embodiment may sense asignal of the primary system, and thus assist the management apparatusto determine the exclusion zone, thereby improving determining accuracyof the exclusion zone.

Seventh Embodiment

In the process of describing the electronic apparatus for spectrummanagement device in the embodiments described above, obviously, someprocessing and methods are also disclosed. Hereinafter, an overview ofthe methods is given without repeating some details disclosed above.However, it should be noted that, although the methods are disclosed ina process of describing the electronic apparatus for spectrum managementdevice, the methods do not certainly employ or are not certainlyexecuted by the aforementioned components. For example, the embodimentsof the electronic apparatus for spectrum management device may bepartially or completely implemented with hardware and/or firmware, themethod for the spectrum management device described below may beexecuted by a computer-executable program completely, although thehardware and/or firmware of the electronic apparatus for the spectrummanagement device can also be used in the methods.

FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of a method for a spectrum management deviceaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG.8, the method includes: acquiring, for a predetermined primary system,an interference radiation map representing interference amounts ofsecondary systems at locations in a management region of the spectrummanagement device to a primary system (S11); and determining anexclusion zone for the primary system based on the interferenceradiation map (S12). A secondary system in the exclusion zone cannot usea spectrum which is being used by the primary system.

In order to facilitate understanding, FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagramof the information procedure between a spectrum management device, aprimary system, a secondary system and a sensor for sensing. In FIG. 9,a case of only a single spectrum management device is considered. It isdescribed in the following with reference to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9.

In step S11, an interference radiation map may be acquired based on ameasurement result of a signal of the primary system measured bymultiple sensors arranged in a management region in advance and/orsecondary system apparatus in the management region. A correspondingoperation is indicated as A1 in FIG. 9, a sensor (not shown in thefigure, or a secondary system apparatus) reports sensed data to thespectrum management device, and the sensed data may for example include:a power of a signal received from the primary system, a path lossbetween the primary system and a location where the sensor is located,an active state of the primary system, and so on.

If the sensor reports the power of the signal received from the primarysignal, in step S11, a path loss between a location corresponding to thesensor or the secondary system apparatus and the primary system iscalculated based on the measurement result, and an interference amountof a secondary system at the location to the primary system iscalculated based on the path loss. If the path loss is calculated by thesensor, in step S11, the interference amount of the secondary system atthe location to the primary system is calculated directly based on thepath loss. In this way, in A3, an interference radiation map may beformed. The interference radiation map includes a correspondence betweenlocations and interference amounts. It may also include an identifier(ID) of the primary system, operation parameter information on thesensor or the secondary system apparatus used for generating theinterference radiation map and the like.

Alternatively, A1 may not be performed, and the interference radiationmap is acquired based on a wireless channel propagation model. Inaddition, spatial interpolation may be performed on the interferenceradiation map to obtain an interference radiation map with a finergranularity.

In A2, the secondary system reports its system parameters (or itsoperation parameters) such as the location, the emission power and theantenna parameters (for example including an antenna height, an antennaorientation and antenna gains in all directions) to the spectrummanagement device.

In step S12, interference amounts at locations corresponding tosecondary systems in an active state in the interference radiation mapare corrected with system parameters of the secondary systems, to obtainan interference intensity map, and an exclusion zone is determined basedon the interference intensity map.

As an example, in step S12, the exclusion zone may be determined asfollows: accumulating, based on the interference intensity map,interference amounts generated by secondary systems in an active statein an ascending order of the interference amounts, so that theaccumulated interference amount does not exceed a maximum accumulatedinterference amount allowable by the primary system and the number ofthe secondary systems of which the interference amounts are accumulatedis as large as possible; and determining the boundary of the exclusionzone based on a maximum interference amount among the interferenceamounts being accumulated. For example, the maximum interference amountor an interference level corresponding to the maximum interferenceamount may be determined as the boundary of the exclusion zone. Asecondary system of which an interference amount exceeds the boundary isdetermined to be in the exclusion zone. A connecting line of locationsof the maximum interference amount or the interference levelcorresponding to the maximum interference amount in the interferenceintensity map may be determined as the boundary of the exclusion zone. Asecondary system of which a geographical location is within the boundaryis determined to be in the exclusion zone.

In the above processing, the maximum accumulated interference amountallowable by the primary system is determined based on an interferenceexclusion requirement of the primary system. As shown by A4 in FIG. 9,the interference exclusion requirement is reported to the spectrummanagement device by the primary system. Processing performed in A5 inFIG. 9 corresponds to processing performed in step S12 in FIG. 8.

In an example, when the secondary systems in an active state are rankedin an ascending order of interference amounts, interference amounts ofat least a part of the secondary systems may be weighted. The weightingmay be performed based on one or more of the following factors: apriority level of a secondary system and a payment status of thesecondary system. In this way, a secondary system with a high prioritylevel or a payment secondary system can access to the spectrum of theprimary system preferentially.

As shown in FIG. 9, when an interference exclusion requirement of theprimary system changes, the primary system informs the spectrummanagement device of the updated interference exclusion requirement(A6), and the spectrum management device re-determines the exclusionzone accordingly (A9). In addition, the sensor or the secondary systemapparatus reports sensed data to the spectrum management device (A8).When the sensed data changes, it is indicated that a location of theprimary system changes; in this case, an interference radiation mapneeds to be formed again and an exclusion zone is to be calculated again(A9 and A10). In another aspect, the secondary system reports its systemparameters to the spectrum management device; when the system parameterschange, it needs to re-determine the exclusion zone (A9). The sensor orthe secondary system apparatus may report an active state of the primarysystem, i.e., being turned on or turned off, to the spectrum managementdevice, and the spectrum management device cancels the exclusion zonewhen the primary system is turned off, to further improve the spectrumutilization efficiency. It should be understood that, A6, A7 and A8 arenot performed in a fixed order, and are performed by triggering and/orperformed periodically.

In the case that there are multiple primary systems and the multipleprimary systems use a same spectrum, in step S11, interference amountsat corresponding locations of interference radiation maps for therespective primary systems are added to obtain synthesized interferenceamounts, so as to obtain a synthesized interference radiation map. Instep S12, a uniform exclusion zone is determined for the multipleprimary systems based on the synthesized interference radiation map.When a location of any of the primary systems changes, an interferenceradiation map is to be reacquired. When an interference exclusionrequirement of any of the primary systems changes, an exclusion zone isto be re-determined.

In an example, in step S12, the uniform exclusion zone is determined asfollows: correcting, with system parameters of secondary systems in anactive state, a synthesized interference amount at locationscorresponding to the secondary systems in a synthesized interferenceradiation map, to obtain a synthesized interference intensity map;ranking, based on the synthesized interference intensity map, thesecondary systems in the active state in an ascending order of thesynthesized interference amounts; accumulating, based on a result of theranking, interference amounts of corresponding secondary systems to oneof the multiple primary systems with the highest interference exclusionrequirement in sequence, so that the accumulated interference amountdoes not exceed a maximum accumulated interference amount allowable bythe primary system and the number of the secondary systems of which theinterference amounts are accumulated is as large as possible; anddetermining, based on a synthesized interference amount corresponding toa maximum interference amount among the interference amounts beingaccumulated in the synthesized interference intensity map, a boundary ofthe uniform exclusion zone.

As shown by a dotted line box in FIG. 8, the method may further includestep S13: storing an identifier of the primary system and theinterference radiation map of the primary system in an associatedmanner.

The method described above is applied to a scenario of a single spectrummanagement device. In a scenario where multiple spectrum managementdevices determine the exclusion zone for the primary system inconjunction with each other by interchanging information, the exclusionzone may be determined based on interference of all secondary systemsmanaged by all the spectrum management devices to the primary system.For example, a spectrum management device may receive information oninterference amounts generated by secondary systems managed by anotherspectrum management device, and determine the exclusion zone based onthe information and interference amounts generated by secondary systemsmanaged by the spectrum management device itself which are obtainedbased on the interference radiation map.

In an example, in order to save the calculation cost, an interferenceradiation map may be generated by one spectrum management device and theinterference radiation map is shared among multiple spectrum managementdevices. Therefore, in step S11, a first interference radiation map maybe received from another spectrum management device, as at least a partof the interference radiation map of the spectrum management device.Spatial interpolation may be performed based on the first interferenceradiation map to acquire the interference radiation map of the spectrummanagement device.

In step S12, information on interference amounts of secondary systems inan active state in a management region of another spectrum managementdevice is received from another spectrum management device, and aboundary of the exclusion zone for the primary system is determinedbased on the information and interference amounts of secondary systemsin an active state in the management region of the spectrum managementdevice. The boundary of the exclusion zone is applied to the spectrummanagement device and another spectrum management device. Theinterference amounts of the secondary systems in the active state in themanagement region of the spectrum management device is obtained bycorrecting, with system parameters of the secondary systems,interference amounts at locations corresponding to the secondary systemsin the interference radiation map. The received information on theinterference amounts may be interference amounts generated by secondarysystems in the active state in the management region of another spectrummanagement device, or the number of secondary systems in the activestate falling in each interference level in the management region ofanother spectrum management device.

Specifically, in step S12, interference amounts generated by thesecondary systems in the active state in management regions of both thespectrum management device and another apparatus management apparatusmay be accumulated in sequence in an ascending order of the interferenceamounts, so that the accumulated interference amount does not exceed amaximum accumulated interference amount allowable by the primary systemand the number of the secondary systems of which the interferenceamounts are accumulated is as large as possible; and the boundary of theexclusion zone is determined based on a maximum interference amountamong the interference amounts being accumulated.

In addition, in the case that there are multiple primary systems and themultiple primary systems uses a same spectrum, a first interferenceradiation map is a synthesized interference radiation map for themultiple primary systems. The synthesized interference radiation map isobtained by adding interference amounts at corresponding locations ofinterference radiation maps for the respective primary systems to obtainsynthesized interference amounts. In step S11, information oninterference amounts of secondary systems in an active state in amanagement region of another spectrum management device to one of themultiple primary systems with the highest interference exclusionrequirement and synthesized interference amounts of the secondarysystems is received from another spectrum management device. In stepS12, a boundary of a uniform exclusion zone for the multiple primarysystems is determined based on the information, interference amounts ofsecondary systems in an active state in a management region of thespectrum management device to one of the multiple primary systems withthe highest interference exclusion requirement, and the synthesizedinterference amount of the secondary systems. The synthesizedinterference amounts of the secondary systems in the active state in themanagement region of the spectrum management device are obtained bycorrecting, with system parameters of the secondary systems, asynthesized interference amount at locations corresponding to thesecondary systems in a synthesized interference radiation map of thespectrum management device. Specifically, interference amounts generatedby the secondary systems in the active state in management regions ofboth the spectrum management device and another spectrum managementdevice to one of the multiple primary systems with the highestinterference exclusion requirement can be accumulated in sequence in anascending order of the synthesized interference amounts, so that theaccumulated interference amount does not exceed a maximum accumulatedinterference amount allowable by the primary system and the number ofthe secondary systems of which the interference amounts are accumulatedis as large as possible; and a boundary of the uniform exclusion zone isdetermined based on a synthesized interference amount corresponding to amaximum interference amount among the interference amounts beingaccumulated.

In the case that weighting is performed on some secondary systems due tofactors such as the priority level and payment status, for example, theinterference amount is multiplied by a coefficient less than 1, theinformation received in step S11 further includes information on theweighting or a weighted synthesized interference amount. In step S12, itis ranked using the weighted synthesized interference amounts, andinterference amounts to one of the multiple primary systems with thehighest interference exclusion requirement are accumulated. Further, itis determined whether the secondary systems are in the exclusion zoneusing the weighted synthesized interference amounts.

Although not shown in the figure, the method may further include:transmitting information on the boundary of the exclusion zone or theuniform exclusion zone to another spectrum management device.

Accordingly, in a scenario where the multiple spectrum managementdevices determine the exclusion zone for the primary system inconjunction with each other by an information interchange, a spectrummanagement device providing an interference radiation map may perform amethod shown in FIG. 10. The method includes: acquiring, for apredetermined primary system, an interference radiation map representinginterference amounts of secondary systems at locations in a managementregion of a spectrum management device to a primary system (S21); anddetermining an exclusion zone for the primary system based oninformation on a boundary of the exclusion zone acquired from anotherspectrum management device (S24). A secondary system in the exclusionzone cannot use a spectrum which is being used by the primary system,and the boundary of the exclusion zone is obtained by another spectrummanagement device based on the interference radiation map of thespectrum management device.

As shown by a dotted line in FIG. 10, the method may further include:transmitting the information on the interference radiation map toanother spectrum management device (S22); and receiving information onthe boundary of the exclusion zone from another spectrum managementdevice (S23).

The interference amounts at locations corresponding to secondary systemsin an active state in the interference radiation map may further becorrected with systems parameters of the secondary systems. In step S22,information on the corrected interference amounts is transmitted toanother spectrum management device, so that another spectrum managementdevice obtains the boundary of the exclusion zone based on the correctedinterference amounts and the interference radiation map. In step S24, itmay be determined whether a secondary system can use a spectrum of theprimary system based on a relationship between the correctedinterference amount and the boundary of the exclusion zone.

In the case that weighting is to be performed on some secondary systemsdue to factors such as the priority level and payment status, in stepS22, information on the weighting is also transmitted to anotherspectrum management device, so that another spectrum management deviceranks the weighted corrected interference amounts. However, it should benoted that, un-weighted corrected interference amounts are accumulated.Moreover, in step S24, the corrected interference amounts are weightedwhen the determining is performed.

In the case that there are multiple primary systems and the multipleprimary systems use a same spectrum, in step S21, interference amountsat corresponding locations of interference radiation maps for therespective primary systems are added to obtain synthesized interferenceamounts, so as to obtain a synthesized interference radiation map. Instep S22, the synthesized interference radiation map is transmitted toanother spectrum management device, so that another spectrum managementdevice obtains the boundary of the exclusion zone based on thesynthesized interference radiation map.

For example, interference amounts at locations corresponding tosecondary systems in an active state in the interference radiation mapsmay be corrected with system parameters of the secondary systems. Instep S22, information on the corrected synthesized interference amountand corrected interference amounts to one of the multiple primarysystems with the highest interference exclusion requirement istransmitted to another spectrum management device, so that anotherspectrum management device obtains the boundary of the exclusion zonebased on the information and the synthesized interference radiation map.

Similarly, in the case that weighting is to be performed on somesecondary systems due to factors such as the priority level and paymentstatus, in step S21, information on the weighting is also transmitted toanother spectrum management device, so that another spectrum managementdevice ranks the weighted corrected synthesized interference amounts.However, it should be understood that, un-weighted corrected synthesizedinterference amounts are accumulated. Moreover, in step S24, thecorrected synthesized interference amounts are weighted when thedetermining is performed.

It should be noted that, the above methods may be used in combination orseparately, and details thereof are described in detail in the firstembodiment to the fifth embodiment, which are not repeated here.

In order to facilitate understanding, FIG. 11 further shows a schematicdiagram of the information procedure that multiple spectrum managementdevices interact to determine a uniform exclusion zone for a primarysystem. In the example, there are two spectrum management devices; andin order to distinguish from each other, the two spectrum managementdevices are named as a source spectrum management device and a receivingspectrum management device respectively. However, it should beunderstood that it is only exemplary and is not intended to limit.

Firstly, the source spectrum management device transmits information onan interference radiation map to the receiving spectrum managementdevice (B1) Secondary systems managed by the receiving spectrummanagement device transmit their system parameters such as a location,an emission power and antenna parameters to the receiving spectrummanagement device (B2). The receiving spectrum management device obtainsits interference radiation map based on information in B1, and obtainsan interference intensity map based on parameters in B2 and theinterference radiation map (B3). The source spectrum management deviceprovides interference amounts of active secondary systems managed by thesource spectrum management device to the receiving spectrum managementdevice (B4). The receiving spectrum management device determines aboundary of an exclusion zone for the primary system based on itsinterference intensity map and the interference amounts of the activesecondary systems in B4 (B5), and transmits the boundary of theexclusion zone to the receiving spectrum management device (B6). Thesource spectrum management device and the receiving spectrum managementdevice determine the exclusion zone for the primary system according tothe boundary of the exclusion zone (B7). Details of the processes inFIG. 11 have been described in detail in the above embodiments, whichare not repeated here.

In order to further illustrate technical effects which can be achievedaccording to the technical solutions of the present disclosure, thefollowing simulation is performed. FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram ofa scenario for simulation, and in the scenario, there is one primarysystem and all secondary systems are managed by the same spectrummanagement device. As shown in the figure, a management region of 500m×500 m is considered, a receiver of the primary system is located at acenter of the management region, transmitters of thirty secondarysystems are distributed in the management region randomly and uniformly,and only a large scale path loss is considered during the simulation.Simulation parameters are set as follows: an emission power of atransmitter of a secondary system is 3 dBm, a minimum distance betweentransmitters of two secondary systems is 40 m, maximum interferenceallowable by a receiver of the primary system is −60 dBm, and a pathloss exponent is 3.

During the simulation, only locations of the thirty secondary systemsare changed, and 10000 times of cycle simulation are performed. In orderto facilitate comparison, a case of using a circular exclusion zone anda case of using an exclusion zone obtained according to the presenttechnology are simulated respectively. FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagramof a circular exclusion zone, and FIG. 14 shows a schematic diagram ofan irregular exclusion zone obtained according to the presenttechnology. An antenna of a receiver of a primary system is adirectional antenna and has a beam pattern as shown in FIG. 15, inwhich, an antenna gain in a direction of a beam main lobe, i.e., amaximum antenna gain is 12 dBi. The circular exclusion zone isconstructed based on the following principle: a radius of the exclusionzone is calculated, so that accumulated interference (T_(agg)) generatedby secondary systems outside of the exclusion zone does not exceed aninterference exclusion requirement (I_(th)) of the primary system. Itcan be seen that, as compared with the circular exclusion zone, theirregular exclusion zone obtained according to the present disclosure isreduced significantly, and the number of secondary systems which canaccess to a spectrum of the primary system is increased significantly.

In addition, FIG. 16 is a diagram showing comparison of cumulativedistribution functions (CDF) for the number of accessible secondarysystems based on a circular primary system exclusion zone and a primarysystem exclusion zone obtained according to the technology of thepresent disclosure respectively, in the case that a receiver antenna ofthe primary system is an omnidirectional antenna, i.e., antenna gains inall directions are equal. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing comparison ofcumulative distribution functions (CDF) for the number of accessiblesecondary systems based on a circular primary system exclusion zone anda primary system exclusion zone obtained according to the technology ofthe present disclosure respectively, in the case that a receiver antennaof the primary system is the directional antenna as shown in FIG. 15 andthe maximum antenna gain is 12 dBi.

It can also be seen that, as compared with the conventional circularexclusion zone, the number of accessible secondary systems can beincreased with the algorithm for creating the irregular primary systemexclusion zone proposed by the present disclosure. Especially in thecase that the antenna of the primary system has directivity, the numberof the accessible secondary systems is increased more obviously with thealgorithm according to the present disclosure.

It should be understood that the above simulation is only exemplary andis not intended to limit the present application.

The technology of the present disclosure is applicable to variousproducts. For example, the electronic apparatus 100-300 each may berealized as any type of server such as a tower server, a rack server,and a blade server. The electronic apparatus 100-300 may be a controlmodule (such as an integrated circuit module including a single die, anda card or a blade that is inserted into a slot of a blade server)mounted on a server.

In addition, the electronic apparatus 400 may be implemented as varioustypes of base station or terminal apparatus respectively. For example,the base station may be realized as any type of evolved Node B (eNB)such as a macro eNB and a small eNB. The small eNB may be an eNB such asa pico eNB, a micro eNB, and a home (femto) eNB that covers a cellsmaller than a macro cell. Instead, the base station may be realized asany other types of base stations such as a NodeB and a base transceiverstation (BTS). The base station may include a main body (that is alsoreferred to as a base station apparatus) configured to control radiocommunication, and one or more remote radio heads (RRH) disposed in adifferent place from the main body. In addition, various types ofterminals, which will be described below, may each operate as the basestation by temporarily or semi-persistently executing a base stationfunction. For example, the terminal apparatus may be realized as amobile terminal such as a smartphone, a tablet personal computer (PC), anotebook PC, a portable game terminal, a portable/dongle type mobilerouter, and a digital camera, or an in-vehicle terminal such as a carnavigation apparatus. The terminal apparatus may also be realized as aterminal (that is also referred to as a machine type communication (MTC)terminal) that performs machine-to-machine (M2M) communication.Furthermore, the terminal apparatus may be a radio communication module(such as an integrated circuit module including a single die) mounted oneach of the terminals.

[Application Example Regarding a Server]

FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematicconfiguration of a server 700 to which the technology of the presentdisclosure may be applied. The server 700 includes a processor 701, amemory 702, a storage 703, a network interface 704, and a bus 706.

The processor 701 may be, for example, a central processing unit (CPU)or a digital signal processor (DSP), and controls functions of theserver 700. The memory 702 includes random access memory (RAM) and readonly memory (ROM), and stores a program that is executed by theprocessor 701 and data. The storage 703 may include a storage mediumsuch as a semiconductor memory and a hard disk.

The network interface 704 is a wired communication interface forconnecting the server 700 to a wired communication network 705. Thewired communication network 705 may be a core network such as an EvolvedPacket Core (EPC), or a packet data network (PDN) such as the Internet.

The bus 706 connects the processor 701, the memory 702, the storage 703,and the network interface 704 to each other. The bus 706 may include twoor more buses (such as a high speed bus and a low speed bus) each ofwhich has different speed.

In the sever 700 shown in FIG. 18, the acquiring unit 101 and thedetermining unit 102 described with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 5, theacquiring unit 301 and the determining unit 302 described with referenceto FIG. 6 may be implemented by the processor 701. The storage unit 103described with reference to FIG. 2 may be implemented by the storageapparatus 703. For example, the processor 701 may determine theexclusion zone for the primary system by performing functions of theacquiring unit 101, the determining unit 102 or the acquiring unit 301,the determining unit 302.

[Application Example Regarding a Base Station] (First ApplicationExample)

FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating a first example of a schematicconfiguration of an eNB to which the technology of the presentdisclosure may be applied. An eNB 800 includes one or more antennas 810and a base station apparatus 820. Each antenna 810 and the base stationapparatus 820 may be connected to each other via an RF cable. Each ofthe antennas 810 includes a single or multiple antenna elements (such asmultiple antenna elements included in an MEM antenna), and is used forthe base station apparatus 820 to transmit and receive radio signals.The eNB 800 may include the multiple antennas 810, as illustrated inFIG. 19. For example, the multiple antennas 810 may be compatible withmultiple frequency bands used by the eNB 800. Although FIG. 19illustrates the example in which the eNB 800 includes the multipleantennas 810, the eNB 800 may also include a single antenna 810.

The base station apparatus 820 includes a controller 821, a memory 822,a network interface 823, and a radio communication interface 825.

The controller 821 may be, for example, a CPU or a DSP, and operatesvarious functions of a higher layer of the base station apparatus 820.For example, the controller 821 generates a data packet from data insignals processed by the radio communication interface 825, andtransfers the generated packet via the network interface 823. Thecontroller 821 may bundle data from multiple base band processors togenerate the bundled packet, and transfer the generated bundled packet.The controller 821 may have logical functions of performing control suchas radio resource control, radio bearer control, mobility management,admission control, and scheduling. The control may be performed incorporation with an eNB or a core network node in the vicinity. Thememory 822 includes RANI and ROM, and stores a program that is executedby the controller 821, and various types of control data (such as aterminal list, transmission power data, and scheduling data).

The network interface 823 is a communication interface for connectingthe base station apparatus 820 to a core network 824. The controller 821may communicate with a core network node or another eNB via the networkinterface 823. In that case, the eNB 800, and the core network node orthe other eNB may be connected to each other through a logical interface(such as an S1 interface and an X2 interface). The network interface 823may also be a wired communication interface or a radio communicationinterface for radio backhaul. If the network interface 823 is a radiocommunication interface, the network interface 823 may use a higherfrequency band for radio communication than a frequency band used by theradio communication interface 825.

The radio communication interface 825 supports any cellularcommunication scheme such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced,and provides radio connection to a terminal positioned in a cell of theeNB 800 via the antenna 810. The radio communication interface 825 maytypically include, for example, a baseband (BB) processor 826 and an RFcircuit 827. The BB processor 826 may perform, for example,encoding/decoding, modulating/demodulating, andmultiplexing/demultiplexing, and performs various types of signalprocessing of layers (such as L1, medium access control (MAC), radiolink control (RLC), and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)). TheBB processor 826 may have a part or all of the above-described logicalfunctions instead of the controller 821. The BB processor 826 may be amemory that stores a communication control program, or a module thatincludes a processor and a related circuit configured to execute theprogram. Updating the program may allow the functions of the BBprocessor 826 to be changed. The module may be a card or a blade that isinserted into a slot of the base station apparatus 820. Alternatively,the module may also be a chip that is mounted on the card or the blade.Meanwhile, the RF circuit 827 may include, for example, a mixer, afilter, and an amplifier, and transmits and receives radio signals viathe antenna 810.

The radio communication interface 825 may include the multiple BBprocessors 826, as illustrated in FIG. 19. For example, the multiple BBprocessors 826 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used bythe eNB 800. The radio communication interface 825 may include themultiple RF circuits 827, as illustrated in FIG. 19. For example, themultiple RF circuits 827 may be compatible with multiple antennaelements. Although FIG. 19 illustrates the example in which the radiocommunication interface 825 includes the multiple BB processors 826 andthe multiple RF circuits 827, the radio communication interface 825 mayalso include a single BB processor 826 or a single RF circuit 827.

(Second Application Example)

FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a second example of a schematicconfiguration of an eNB to which the technology of the presentdisclosure may be applied. An eNB 830 includes one or more antennas 840,a base station apparatus 850, and an RRH 860. Each antenna 840 and theRRH 860 may be connected to each other via an RF cable. The base stationapparatus 850 and the RRH 860 may be connected to each other via a highspeed line such as an optical fiber cable.

Each of the antennas 840 includes a single or multiple antenna elements(such as multiple antenna elements included in an MIMO antenna), and isused for the RRH 860 to transmit and receive radio signals. The eNB 830may include the multiple antennas 840, as illustrated in FIG. 20. Forexample, the multiple antennas 840 may be compatible with multiplefrequency bands used by the eNB 830. Although FIG. 20 illustrates theexample in which the eNB 830 includes the multiple antennas 840, the eNB830 may also include a single antenna 840.

The base station apparatus 850 includes a controller 851, a memory 852,a network interface 853, a radio communication interface 855, and aconnection interface 857. The controller 851, the memory 852, and thenetwork interface 853 are the same as the controller 821, the memory822, and the network interface 823 described with reference to FIG. 19.

The radio communication interface 855 supports any cellularcommunication scheme such as LTE and LTE-Advanced, and provides radiocommunication to a terminal positioned in a sector corresponding to theRRH 860 via the RRH 860 and the antenna 840. The radio communicationinterface 855 may typically include, for example, a BB processor 856.The BB processor 856 is the same as the BB processor 826 described withreference to FIG. 19, except the BB processor 856 is connected to the RFcircuit 864 of the RRH 860 via the connection interface 857. The radiocommunication interface 855 may include the multiple BB processors 856,as illustrated in FIG. 20. For example, the multiple BB processors 856may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by the eNB 830.Although FIG. 20 illustrates the example in which the radiocommunication interface 855 includes the multiple BB processors 856, theradio communication interface 855 may also include a single BB processor856.

The connection interface 857 is an interface for connecting the basestation apparatus 850 (radio communication interface 855) to the RRH860. The connection interface 857 may also be a communication module forcommunication in the above-described high speed line that connects thebase station apparatus 850 (radio communication interface 855) to theRRH 860.

The RRH 860 includes a connection interface 861 and a radiocommunication interface 863.

The connection interface 861 is an interface for connecting the RRH 860(radio communication interface 863) to the base station apparatus 850.The connection interface 861 may also be a communication module forcommunication in the above-described high speed line.

The radio communication interface 863 transmits and receives radiosignals via the antenna 840. The radio communication interface 863 maytypically include, for example, the RF circuit 864. The RF circuit 864may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, andtransmits and receives radio signals via the antenna 840. The radiocommunication interface 863 may include multiple RF circuits 864, asillustrated in FIG. 20. For example, the multiple RF circuits 864 maysupport multiple antenna elements. Although FIG. 20 illustrates theexample in which the radio communication interface 863 includes themultiple RF circuits 864, the radio communication interface 863 may alsoinclude a single RF circuit 864.

In the eNB 800 and the eNB 830 shown by FIG. 19 and FIG. 20, thetransceiving unit 403 described with reference to FIG. 7 may beimplemented by the radio communication interface 825 and the radiocommunication interface 855 and/or the radio communication interface863. At least a part of functions may be implemented by the controller821 and the controller 851. The measuring unit 401 and the determiningunit 403 described with reference to FIG. 7 may be implemented by thecontroller 821 and the controller 851. For example, the controller 821and the controller 851 may measure a signal power of the primary systemand determine information on interference amounts to the primary systemby performing functions of the measuring unit 401 and the determiningunit 402.

[Application Example Regarding a Terminal Apparatus] (First ApplicationExample)

FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematicconfiguration of a smartphone 900 to which the technology of the presentdisclosure may be applied. The smartphone 900 includes a processor 901,a memory 902, a storage 903, an external connection interface 904, acamera 906, a sensor 907, a microphone 908, an input device 909, adisplay device 910, a speaker 911, a radio communication interface 912,one or more antenna switches 915, one or more antennas 916, a bus 917, abattery 918, and an auxiliary controller 919.

The processor 901 may be, for example, a CPU or a system on a chip(SoC), and controls functions of an application layer and another layerof the smartphone 900. The memory 902 includes RAM and ROM, and stores aprogram that is executed by the processor 901, and data. The storage 903may include a storage medium such as a semiconductor memory and a harddisk. The external connection interface 904 is an interface forconnecting an external device such as a memory card and a universalserial bus (USB) device to the smartphone 900.

The camera 906 includes an image sensor such as a charge coupled device(CCD) and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), andgenerates a captured image. The sensor 907 may include a group ofsensors such as a measurement sensor, a gyro sensor, a geomagneticsensor, and an acceleration sensor. The microphone 908 converts soundsthat are input to the smartphone 900 to audio signals. The input device909 includes, for example, a touch sensor configured to detect touchonto a screen of the display device 910, a keypad, a keyboard, a button,or a switch, and receives an operation or an information input from auser. The display device 910 includes a screen such as a liquid crystaldisplay (LCD) and an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, anddisplays an output image of the smartphone 900. The speaker 911 convertsaudio signals that are output from the smartphone 900 to sounds.

The radio communication interface 912 supports any cellularcommunication scheme such as LET and LTE-Advanced, and performs radiocommunication. The radio communication interface 912 may typicallyinclude, for example, a BB processor 913 and an RF circuit 914. The BBprocessor 913 may perform, for example, encoding/decoding,modulating/demodulating, and multiplexing/demultiplexing, and performsvarious types of signal processing for radio communication. Meanwhile,the RF circuit 914 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and anamplifier, and transmits and receives radio signals via the antenna 916.The radio communication interface 912 may be a one chip module havingthe BB processor 913 and the RF circuit 914 integrated thereon. Theradio communication interface 912 may include the multiple BB processors913 and the multiple RF circuits 914, as illustrated in FIG. 21.Although FIG. 21 illustrates the example in which the radiocommunication interface 912 includes the multiple BB processors 913 andthe multiple RF circuits 914, the radio communication interface 912 mayalso include a single BB processor 913 or a single RF circuit 914.

Furthermore, in addition to a cellular communication scheme, the radiocommunication interface 912 may support another type of radiocommunication scheme such as a short-distance wireless communicationscheme, a near field communication scheme, and a radio local areanetwork (LAN) scheme. In that case, the radio communication interface912 may include the BB processor 913 and the RF circuit 914 for eachradio communication scheme.

Each of the antenna switches 915 switches connection destinations of theantennas 916 among multiple circuits (such as circuits for differentradio communication schemes) included in the radio communicationinterface 912.

Each of the antennas 916 includes a single or multiple antenna elements(such as multiple antenna elements included in an MIMO antenna), and isused for the radio communication interface 912 to transmit and receiveradio signals. The smartphone 900 may include the multiple antennas 916,as illustrated in FIG. 21. Although FIG. 21 illustrates the example inwhich the smartphone 900 includes the multiple antennas 916, thesmartphone 900 may also include a single antenna 916.

Furthermore, the smartphone 900 may include the antenna 916 for eachradio communication scheme. In that case, the antenna switches 915 maybe omitted from the configuration of the smartphone 900.

The bus 917 connects the processor 901, the memory 902, the storage 903,the external connection interface 904, the camera 906, the sensor 907,the microphone 908, the input device 909, the display device 910, thespeaker 911, the radio communication interface 912, and the auxiliarycontroller 919 to each other. The battery 918 supplies power to blocksof the smartphone 900 illustrated in FIG. 21 via feeder lines, which arepartially shown as dashed lines in the figure. The auxiliary controller919 operates a minimum necessary function of the smartphone 900, forexample, in a sleep mode.

In the smartphone 900 shown in FIG. 21, the transceiving unit 403described with reference to FIG. 7 may be implemented by the radiocommunication interface 912. At least a part of functions may beimplemented by a processor 901 or an auxiliary controller 919. Forexample, the processor 901 or the auxiliary controller 919 can measure asignal power of the primary system and determine information oninterference amounts to the primary system by performing functions ofthe measuring unit 401 and the determining unit 402.

(Second Application Example)

FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematicconfiguration of a car navigation apparatus 920 to which the technologyof the present disclosure may be applied. The car navigation apparatus920 includes a processor 921, a memory 922, a global positioning system(GPS) module 924, a sensor 925, a data interface 926, a content player927, a storage medium interface 928, an input device 929, a displaydevice 930, a speaker 931, a radio communication interface 933, one ormore antenna switches 936, one or more antennas 937, and a battery 938.

The processor 921 may be, for example, a CPU or a SoC, and controls anavigation function and another function of the car navigation apparatus920. The memory 922 includes RAM and ROM, and stores a program that isexecuted by the processor 921, and data.

The GPS module 924 uses GPS signals received from a GPS satellite tomeasure a position (such as latitude, longitude, and altitude) of thecar navigation apparatus 920. The sensor 925 may include a group ofsensors such as a gyro sensor, a geomagnetic sensor, and an air pressuresensor. The data interface 926 is connected to, for example, anin-vehicle network 941 via a terminal that is not shown, and acquiresdata generated by the vehicle, such as vehicle speed data.

The content player 927 reproduces content stored in a storage medium(such as a CD and a DVD) that is inserted into the storage mediuminterface 928. The input device 929 includes, for example, a touchsensor configured to detect touch onto a screen of the display device930, a button, or a switch, and receives an operation or an informationinput from a user. The display device 930 includes a screen such as aLCD or an OLED display, and displays an image of the navigation functionor content that is reproduced. The speaker 931 outputs sounds of thenavigation function or the content that is reproduced.

The radio communication interface 933 supports any cellularcommunication scheme such as LTE and LTE-Advanced, and performs radiocommunication. The radio communication interface 933 may typicallyinclude, for example, a BB processor 934 and an RF circuit 935. The BBprocessor 934 may perform, for example, encoding/decoding,modulating/demodulating, and multiplexing/demultiplexing, and performsvarious types of signal processing for radio communication. Meanwhile,the RF circuit 935 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and anamplifier, and transmits and receives radio signals via the antenna 937.The radio communication interface 933 may also be a one chip module thathas the BB processor 934 and the RF circuit 935 integrated thereon. Theradio communication interface 933 may include the multiple BB processors934 and the multiple RF circuits 935, as illustrated in FIG. 22.Although FIG. 22 illustrates the example in which the radiocommunication interface 933 includes the multiple BB processors 934 andthe multiple RF circuits 935, the radio communication interface 933 mayalso include a single BB processor 934 or a single RF circuit 935.

Furthermore, in addition to a cellular communication scheme, the radiocommunication interface 933 may support another type of radiocommunication scheme such as a short-distance wireless communicationscheme, a near field communication scheme, and a radio LAN scheme. Inthat case, the radio communication interface 933 may include the BBprocessor 934 and the RF circuit 935 for each radio communicationscheme.

Each of the antenna switches 936 switches connection destinations of theantennas 937 among multiple circuits (such as circuits for differentradio communication schemes) included in the radio communicationinterface 933.

Each of the antennas 937 includes a single or multiple antenna elements(such as multiple antenna elements included in an MIMO antenna), and isused for the radio communication interface 933 to transmit and receiveradio signals. The car navigation apparatus 920 may include the multipleantennas 937, as illustrated in FIG. 22. Although FIG. 22 illustratesthe example in which the car navigation apparatus 920 includes themultiple antennas 937, the car navigation apparatus 920 may also includea single antenna 937.

Furthermore, the car navigation apparatus 920 may include the antenna937 for each radio communication scheme. In that case, the antennaswitches 936 may be omitted from the configuration of the car navigationapparatus 920.

The battery 938 supplies power to blocks of the car navigation apparatus920 illustrated in FIG. 22 via feeder lines that are partially shown asdashed lines in the figure. The battery 938 accumulates power suppliedform the vehicle.

In the car navigation device 920 shown in FIG. 22, the transceiving unit403 described with reference to FIG. 7 may be implemented by the radiocommunication interface 933. At least a part of functions may beimplemented by the processor 921. For example, the processor 921 canmeasure a signal power of the primary system and determine informationon interference amounts to primary system by performing functions of themeasuring unit 401 and the determining unit 402.

The technology of the present disclosure may also be realized as anin-vehicle system (or a vehicle) 940 including one or more blocks of thecar navigation apparatus 920, the in-vehicle network 941, and a vehiclemodule 942. The vehicle module 942 generates vehicle data such asvehicle speed, engine speed, and trouble information, and outputs thegenerated data to the in-vehicle network 941.

The basic principle of the present invention has been described above inconjunction with particular embodiments. However, as can be appreciatedby those ordinarily skilled in the art, all or any of the steps orcomponents of the method and device according to the invention can beimplemented in hardware, firmware, software or a combination thereof inany computing device (including a processor, a storage medium, etc.) ora network of computing devices by those ordinarily skilled in the art inlight of the disclosure of the invention and making use of their generalcircuit designing knowledge or general programming skills.

Moreover, the present invention further discloses a program product inwhich machine-readable instruction codes are stored. The aforementionedmethods according to the embodiments can be implemented when theinstruction codes are read and executed by a machine.

Accordingly, a memory medium for carrying the program product in whichmachine-readable instruction codes are stored is also covered in thepresent invention. The memory medium includes but is not limited to softdisc, optical disc, magnetic optical disc, memory card, memory stick andthe like.

In the case where the present application is realized by software orfirmware, a program constituting the software is installed in a computerwith a dedicated hardware structure (e.g. the general computer 2300shown in FIG. 23) from a storage medium or network, wherein the computeris capable of implementing various functions when installed with variousprograms.

In FIG. 23, a central processing unit (CPU) 2301 executes variousprocessing according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM)2302 or a program loaded to a random access memory (RAM) 2303 from amemory section 2308. The data needed for the various processing of theCPU 2301 may be stored in the RAM 2303 as needed. The CPU 2301, the ROM2302 and the RAM 2303 are linked with each other via a bus 2304. Aninput/output interface 2305 is also linked to the bus 2304.

The following components are linked to the input/output interface 2305:an input section 2306 (including keyboard, mouse and the like), anoutput section 2307 (including displays such as a cathode ray tube(CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), a loudspeaker and the like), amemory section 2308 (including hard disc and the like), and acommunication section 2309 (including a network interface card such as aLAN card, modem and the like). The communication section 2309 performscommunication processing via a network such as the Internet. A driver2310 may also be linked to the input/output interface 2305. If needed, aremovable medium 2311, for example, a magnetic disc, an optical disc, amagnetic optical disc, a semiconductor memory and the like, may beinstalled in the driver 2310, so that the computer program readtherefrom is installed in the memory section 2308 as appropriate.

In the case where the foregoing series of processing is achieved bysoftware, programs forming the software are installed from a networksuch as the Internet or a memory medium such as the removable medium2311.

It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the memorymedium is not limited to the removable medium 2311 shown in FIG. 23,which has program stored therein and is distributed separately from theapparatus so as to provide the programs to users. The removable medium2311 may be, for example, a magnetic disc (including floppy disc(registered trademark)), a compact disc (including compact discread-only memory (CD-ROM) and digital versatile disc (DVD), a magnetooptical disc (including mini disc (MD)(registered trademark)), and asemiconductor memory. Alternatively, the memory medium may be the harddiscs included in ROM 2302 and the memory section 2308 in which programsare stored, and can be distributed to users along with the device inwhich they are incorporated.

To be further noted, in the apparatus, method and system according tothe invention, the respective components or steps can be decomposedand/or recombined. These decompositions and/or recombinations shall beregarded as equivalent schemes of the invention. Moreover, the aboveseries of processing steps can naturally be performed temporally in thesequence as described above but will not be limited thereto, and some ofthe steps can be performed in parallel or independently from each other.

Finally, to be further noted, the term “include”, “comprise” or anyvariant thereof is intended to encompass nonexclusive inclusion so thata process, method, article or device including a series of elementsincludes not only those elements but also other elements which have beennot listed definitely or an element(s) inherent to the process, method,article or device. Moreover, the expression “comprising a(n) . . . ” inwhich an element is defined will not preclude presence of an additionalidentical element(s) in a process, method, article or device comprisingthe defined element(s)” unless further defined.

Although the embodiments of the invention have been described above indetail in connection with the drawings, it shall be appreciated that theembodiments as described above are merely illustrative but notlimitative of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make variousmodifications and variations to the above embodiments without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of theinvention is defined merely by the appended claims and theirequivalents.

1. An electronic apparatus for a spectrum management device, comprising:processing circuitry configured to: acquire, for a predetermined primarysystem, an interference radiation map representing interference amountsof secondary systems at locations in a management region of the spectrummanagement device to the primary system; and determine, based on theinterference radiation map, an exclusion zone for the primary system,wherein secondary systems in the exclusion zone are not capable of usinga spectrum which is being used by the primary system.
 2. The electronicapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry isconfigured to: correct, with system parameters of secondary systems inan active state, the interference amounts at locations corresponding tothe secondary systems in the interference radiation map, to obtain aninterference intensity map; and determine the exclusion zone based onthe interference intensity map.
 3. The electronic apparatus according toclaim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to acquire theinterference radiation map, based on measurement results for a signal ofthe primary system measured by a plurality of sensors arranged in themanagement region in advance and/or secondary system apparatus in themanagement region.
 4. The electronic apparatus according to claim 3,wherein the processing circuitry is configured to: calculate, based onthe measurement results, a path loss from a location corresponding tothe sensor or the secondary system apparatus to the primary system; andcalculate, based on the path loss, an interference amount of thesecondary system at the location to the primary system.
 5. Theelectronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processingcircuitry is configured to acquire the interference radiation map basedon a wireless channel propagation model.
 6. The electronic apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:receive, from the another spectrum management device, information oninterference amounts of secondary systems in an active state in amanagement region of the another spectrum management device, determine,based on the information and the interference amounts of the secondarysystems in the active state in the management region of the spectrummanagement device, the boundary of the exclusion zone for the primarysystem, which is applied to both the spectrum management device and theanother spectrum management device, wherein the interference amounts ofthe secondary systems in the active state in the management region ofthe spectrum management device are obtained by correcting, with systemparameters of the secondary systems in the active state, theinterference amounts at locations corresponding to the secondary systemsin the interference radiation map.
 7. The electronic apparatus accordingto claim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:accumulate, based on the interference intensity map, the interferenceamounts generated by the secondary systems in the active state in anascending order of the interference amounts, so that the accumulatedinterference amount does not exceed a maximum accumulated interferenceamount allowable by the primary system and the number of the secondarysystems of which the interference amounts are accumulated is as large aspossible; and determine, based on a maximum interference amount amongthe interference amounts being accumulated, a boundary of the exclusionzone.
 8. The electronic apparatus according to claim 7, wherein theprocessing circuitry is configured to determine the maximum interferenceamount or an interference level corresponding to the maximuminterference amount as the boundary of the exclusion zone, and wherein asecondary system of which the interference amount exceeds the boundaryis determined to be in the exclusion zone.
 9. The electronic apparatusaccording to claim 7, wherein the processing circuitry is configured todetermine a connecting line of locations of the maximum interferenceamount or an interference level corresponding to the maximuminterference amount in the interference intensity map as the boundary ofthe exclusion zone, and wherein a secondary system of which ageographical location is within the boundary is determined to be in theexclusion zone.
 10. The electronic apparatus according to claim 7,wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to weight theinterference amounts of at least a part of the secondary systems, in thecase of ranking the secondary systems in the active state in anascending order of their interference amounts; and perform the weightingbased on one or more of the following factors: a priority level of thesecondary system, or a payment status of the secondary system.
 11. Theelectronic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processingcircuitry is further configured to add, in the case that there are aplurality of primary systems and the plurality of primary systems use asame spectrum, interference amounts at corresponding locations ofinterference radiation maps for all the primary systems to obtainsynthesized interference amounts, so as to obtain a synthesizedinterference radiation map, and determine, based on the synthesizedinterference radiation map, a uniform exclusion zone for the pluralityof primary systems.
 12. The electronic apparatus according to claim 1,wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to re-determinethe exclusion zone in the case that at least one of the following ismet: a position of the primary system changes; an interference exclusionrequirement of the primary system changes; and access states and/orsystem parameters of the secondary systems change.
 13. An electronicapparatus for a spectrum management device, comprising: processingcircuitry configured to: acquire, for a predetermined primary system, aninterference radiation map representing interference amounts ofsecondary systems at locations in a management region of the spectrummanagement device to the primary system; and determine, based oninformation on a boundary of the exclusion zone acquired from anotherspectrum management device, an exclusion zone for the primary system,wherein the secondary systems in the exclusion zone are not capable ofusing a spectrum which is being used by the primary system, and theboundary of the exclusion zone is obtained by the another spectrummanagement device based on the interference radiation map of thespectrum management device.
 14. The electronic apparatus according toclaim 13, further comprising: a transceiver, configured to transmitinformation on the interference radiation map to the another spectrummanagement device, and receive the information on the boundary of theexclusion zone from the another spectrum management device, wherein theprocessing circuitry is further configured to correct, with systemparameters of secondary systems in an active state, interference amountsat locations corresponding to the secondary systems in the interferenceradiation map, and the transceiver is further configured to transmitinformation on the corrected interference amounts to the anotherspectrum management device, so that the another spectrum managementdevice obtains the boundary of the exclusion zone based on the correctedinterference amounts and the interference radiation map.
 15. Theelectronic apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the processingcircuitry is further configured to add, in the case that there are aplurality of primary systems and the plurality of primary systems use asame spectrum, the interference amounts at corresponding locations ofthe interference radiation maps for all the primary systems to obtainsynthesized interference amounts, so as to obtain a synthesizedinterference radiation map, and the transceiver is configured totransmit the synthesized interference radiation map to the anotherspectrum management device, so that the another spectrum managementdevice obtains the boundary of the exclusion zone based on thesynthesized interference radiation map.
 16. An electronic apparatus fora wireless communication device, comprising: a measuring unit,configured to measure a power of a signal received from a primarysystem; and a determining unit, configured to determine, based on themeasured power, information on an interference amount of the wirelesscommunication device to the primary system in the case of apredetermined emitting power and predetermined antenna parameters, theinformation being provided to a management apparatus managing aplurality of secondary systems and being used by the managementapparatus to determine an exclusion zone for the primary system.
 17. Theelectronic apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the information isused by the management apparatus to determine an interference radiationmap which represents interference amounts of secondary systems atlocations in a management region of the management apparatus to theprimary system.
 18. The electronic apparatus according to claim 16,wherein the determining unit is configured to determine, based on themeasured power, a path loss between a location where the wirelesscommunication device is located and the primary system, and determine,based on the path loss, the interference amount of the wirelesscommunication device to the primary system in the case of thepredetermined emitting power and the predetermined antenna parameters.19. The electronic apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the wirelesscommunication device is a network node or a network control terminal inthe secondary system.
 20. The electronic apparatus according to claim16, further comprising: a transceiving unit, configured to transmit theinformation to the management apparatus, wherein the transceiving unitis further configured to transmit system parameters of a secondarysystem corresponding to the wireless communication device to themanagement apparatus, so that the management apparatus determines theexclusion zone for the primary system further according to the systemparameters.